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A kapitalizmus néhány rendszerspecifikus vonása
[Some system-specific features of capitalism]

Author

Listed:
  • Kornai, János

Abstract

A szerző korábban a szocialista rendszer és a posztszocialista átmenet elemzésére használta azt a szemléletet és módszertant, amelyet rendszerparadigmának nevezett el. A jelen tanulmány a kapitalizmus néhány általános vonásának vizsgálatára alkalmazza ezt a megközelítést. A cikk - fogalmi tisztázás után - példákat sorol fel a kapitalizmus néhány rendszerspecifikus vonására, majd kettővel részletesebben foglalkozik. Az egyik: a rendszer dinamizmusa. Az elmúlt évszázad nagy újításai, amelyek mélyrehatóan átalakították nemcsak a termelés technológiáját, hanem az emberek mindennapi életét is, a kapitalista rendszer és annak főszereplője, a vállalkozó vezette be és terjesztette el. Csak a kapitalizmusban tud kialakulni a vállalkozás és újítás mechanizmusa, az ehhez szükséges erőteljes ösztönzés és rugalmas tőkepiac. A másik példa: a kapitalista rendszer immanens tulajdonsága a munkaerőpiacon jelentkező tartós többlet, szemben a szocialista rendszerrel, amelynek kifejlett formájában tartós munkaerőhiány mutatkozik. Elméletileg és tapasztalatilag is igazolható, hogy minél dinamikusabb a kapitalista gazdaság állandó átalakulása, annál inkább keletkezik strukturális munkanélküliség. A hatékony bér elmélete megmagyarázza, miért érdeke a munkaadónak, hogy a piactisztító bérnél magasabb bért fizessen, és ezzel munkanélküliséget idézzen elő. A kapitalizmus reformálható rendszer. Ám ügyelni kell arra, hogy a részreformok között milyen a kapcsolat. Szerencsés esetben kiegészítik egymást. Ám ennél sokkal gyakoribb, hogy miközben szembeszállunk a rendszer egyik kedvezőtlen hajlamával, utat engedünk egy másik kedvezőtlen hajlam megerősödésének. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: P1, P11, P16, P51, J60.

Suggested Citation

  • Kornai, János, 2008. "A kapitalizmus néhány rendszerspecifikus vonása [Some system-specific features of capitalism]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 377-394.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:992
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    5. Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2002. "Information and the Change in the Paradigm in Economics," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(3), pages 460-501, June.
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    7. Kornai, János, 1999. "A rendszerparadigma. Fogalmi tisztázás [The system paradigm]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 585-599.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. Kornai, János, 2010. "Hiánygazdaság - többletgazdaság. Tanulmány a piac elméletéről - II. rész [Shortage economy - surplus economy. A study on market theory II]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(12), pages 1021-1044.
    2. Juhász, Réka, 2010. "Posztszocialista fejlődési pályák [Post-socialist development paths]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(3), pages 222-240.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • P1 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies
    • P11 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
    • P16 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State
    • P51 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Comparative Economic Systems - - - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
    • J60 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - General

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