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Gyors növekedésű vállalatok Magyarországon. Az innovatív, a rejtélyes és a virtuális gazellák
[Fast-growing businesses in Hungary: The innovative, mysterious and virtual gazelles]

Author

Listed:
  • Szerb, László
  • Varga, Attila
  • Komlósi, Éva

Abstract

Az utóbbi években egyre nagyobb a gyors növekedésű vállalatokkal (gazellákkal) kapcsolatos kutatói érdeklődés. Az új eredmények ellenére továbbra is nagyon keveset tudunk a vállalatok ezen (arányaiban kicsi) szegmenséről. A tanulmány a magyar gazellák azonosítását követően a gyors növekedés demográfiai és belső vállalati tényezőit vizsgálja egy területi szempontból reprezentatív, 404 gazellából álló mintán. Majd egy 344 vállalatot tartalmazó klaszterelemzést végez, amely szerint a gazellák korántsem alkotnak homogén csoportot: hét klaszterből csupán négyben azonosíthatók a magas növekedés valószínűsíthető belső okai (innováció, nemzetköziesedés, emberi tőke vagy a kiváló menedzseri képességek), de ezek együttes jelenléte is csak az egyik csoportra jellemző. Két csoport esetében feltehetően a központi régió pozitív agglomerációs hatása érvényesül. A leggyorsabban növekvő fiatal cégek csoportja esetében rejtély, mi okozza a növekedést. A legnagyobb csoportot az idősebb, inkább - a helyi kapcsolataira építő - vidéki közepes vagy nagyvállalatok alkotják. A vizsgálatok alapján nem lehet csak pozitív hatásokat tulajdonítani a gazelláknak. Vannak gyorsan növekvő cégek, amelyek nem innovatívak, nem exportálnak, nem alkalmaznak magas színvonalú emberi tőkét, vezetőik nem igazán iskolázottak vagy tapasztaltak. Feltehetően ezek az okok magyarázhatják, hogy számos cég nem képes tartós növekedést megvalósítani és versenyképes méretű közepes vagy nagyvállalattá válni.* Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: D22, L21, L25, O31.

Suggested Citation

  • Szerb, László & Varga, Attila & Komlósi, Éva, 2017. "Gyors növekedésű vállalatok Magyarországon. Az innovatív, a rejtélyes és a virtuális gazellák [Fast-growing businesses in Hungary: The innovative, mysterious and virtual gazelles]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 476-506.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:1695
    DOI: 10.18414/KSZ.2017.5.476
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    Cited by:

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    2. Révész, Tamás & Boda, György & Losonci, Dávid & Fülöp, Zoltán, 2019. "A növekedési ütem és a foglalkoztatás növelésének lehetőségeiről [The chances of enhancing growth rate and employment]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(4), pages 376-417.
    3. Kovács, Olivér, 2020. "Gazellák az iparpolitika tükrében, I [Gazelles and industrial policy, Part 1]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(1), pages 54-87.
    4. Becsky-Nagy, Patrícia & Fazekas, Balázs, 2018. "Az állam a kockázati tőkés szerepében [The state in its risk-capital role]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(12), pages 1257-1280.
    5. Vasvári, Tamás & Danka, Sándor & Hauck, Zsuzsanna, 2019. "Termelés és innováció - tanulságok a hazai iparpolitika számára [Manufacturing and innovation - lessons for Hungarian industry policy]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(10), pages 1031-1055.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • L21 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Business Objectives of the Firm
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives

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