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Empirical Analysis of National Income and SO 2 Emissions in Selected European Countries

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  • Anil Markandya
  • Alexander Golub
  • Suzette Pedroso-Galinato

Abstract

The linkage between per capita GDP and sulfur emissions for 12 Western European countries was analyzed over a period of more than 150 years. The analysis also looked at the impact of air pollution regulations on the shape of the income–pollution relationship. At both the aggregate and country levels, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship and the estimated turning points of most countries are plausible. In addition, environmental regulations are found to lower the EKC and they can also shift the turning point of the curve. In some cases, the shift is to the left and in a few to the right. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006

Suggested Citation

  • Anil Markandya & Alexander Golub & Suzette Pedroso-Galinato, 2006. "Empirical Analysis of National Income and SO 2 Emissions in Selected European Countries," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 35(3), pages 221-257, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:enreec:v:35:y:2006:i:3:p:221-257
    DOI: 10.1007/s10640-006-9014-2
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    environmental Kuznets curve; panel data; regulation; sulfur dioxide; Western Europe; C23; O11; Q25; Q28;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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