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Routing and Scheduling of School Buses by Computer

Author

Listed:
  • Lawrence D. Bodin

    (University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland)

  • Lon Berman

    (Sterling, Virginia)

Abstract

In this paper, a new procedure for the routing and scheduling of school buses is presented. This procedure has been implemented and tested successfully in two school districts. It resulted in about a 20% savings in cost in one of these districts and the transportation of 600 additional students with one extra bus in the second. Also, in this paper, the key aspects of the procedures for the preparation of the data are explained including the ministop concept, a new and innovative method for the coding of the network data. In each section of this paper, the core algorithm is explained, followed by the modifications that were made in attempting to implement the theoretical procedure. In this way, the contract between theory and practice can be shown.

Suggested Citation

  • Lawrence D. Bodin & Lon Berman, 1979. "Routing and Scheduling of School Buses by Computer," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 13(2), pages 113-129, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:ortrsc:v:13:y:1979:i:2:p:113-129
    DOI: 10.1287/trsc.13.2.113
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    Cited by:

    1. Johnes, Jill, 2015. "Operational Research in education," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 243(3), pages 683-696.
    2. Garcia, Bruno-Laurent & Mahey, Philippe & LeBlanc, Larry J., 1998. "Iterative improvement methods for a multiperiod network design problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 110(1), pages 150-165, October.
    3. Kim, Byung-In & Kim, Seongbae & Park, Junhyuk, 2012. "A school bus scheduling problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 218(2), pages 577-585.
    4. Kuo, Yong-Hong & Leung, Janny M.Y. & Yan, Yimo, 2023. "Public transport for smart cities: Recent innovations and future challenges," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 306(3), pages 1001-1026.
    5. Park, Junhyuk & Tae, Hyunchul & Kim, Byung-In, 2012. "A post-improvement procedure for the mixed load school bus routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 217(1), pages 204-213.
    6. Liwei Zeng & Sunil Chopra & Karen Smilowitz, 2019. "The Covering Path Problem on a Grid," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(6), pages 1656-1672, November.
    7. Vidal, Thibaut & Crainic, Teodor Gabriel & Gendreau, Michel & Prins, Christian, 2013. "Heuristics for multi-attribute vehicle routing problems: A survey and synthesis," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 231(1), pages 1-21.
    8. Park, Junhyuk & Kim, Byung-In, 2010. "The school bus routing problem: A review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 202(2), pages 311-319, April.
    9. Cokyasar, Taner & Larson, Jeffrey, 2020. "Optimal assignment for the single-household shared autonomous vehicle problem," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 98-115.
    10. Amanda Chu & Pinar Keskinocak & Monica C. Villarreal, 2020. "Introduction: Empowering Denver Public Schools to Optimize School Bus Operations," Interfaces, INFORMS, vol. 50(5), pages 298-312, September.
    11. Armin Fügenschuh & Alexander Martin, 2006. "A multicriteria approach for optimizing bus schedules and school starting times," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 147(1), pages 199-216, October.
    12. Fátima M. Souza Lima & Davi S. D. Pereira & Samuel V. Conceição & Ricardo S. Camargo, 2017. "A multi-objective capacitated rural school bus routing problem with heterogeneous fleet and mixed loads," 4OR, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 359-386, December.
    13. M. Spada & M. Bierlaire & Th. M. Liebling, 2005. "Decision-Aiding Methodology for the School Bus Routing and Scheduling Problem," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 39(4), pages 477-490, November.
    14. Hernan Caceres & Rajan Batta & Qing He, 2017. "School Bus Routing with Stochastic Demand and Duration Constraints," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 51(4), pages 1349-1364, November.
    15. Fügenschuh, Armin, 2009. "Solving a school bus scheduling problem with integer programming," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 193(3), pages 867-884, March.
    16. J Pacheco & R Martí, 2006. "Tabu search for a multi-objective routing problem," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 57(1), pages 29-37, January.
    17. Shangyao Yan & Fei-Yen Hsiao & Yi-Chun Chen, 2015. "Inter-School Bus Scheduling Under Stochastic Travel Times," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 1049-1074, December.
    18. Schittekat, Patrick & Kinable, Joris & Sörensen, Kenneth & Sevaux, Marc & Spieksma, Frits & Springael, Johan, 2013. "A metaheuristic for the school bus routing problem with bus stop selection," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 229(2), pages 518-528.
    19. Ellegood, William A. & Solomon, Stanislaus & North, Jeremy & Campbell, James F., 2020. "School bus routing problem: Contemporary trends and research directions," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    20. J Faulin & A García del Valle, 2008. "Solving the capacitated vehicle routing problem using the ALGELECT electrostatic algorithm," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 59(12), pages 1685-1695, December.
    21. Armin Fügenschuh, 2006. "The vehicle routing problem with coupled time windows," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 14(2), pages 157-176, June.
    22. Bowerman, Robert & Hall, Brent & Calamai, Paul, 1995. "A multi-objective optimization approach to urban school bus routing: Formulation and solution method," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 107-123, March.
    23. C Alabas-Uslu, 2008. "A self-tuning heuristic for a multi-objective vehicle routing problem," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 59(7), pages 988-996, July.

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