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Health Effects of Coal: A Long-Run Relationship Assessment of Coal Production and Respiratory Health in Kazakhstan

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  • Almaz Akhmetov

Abstract

Respiratory diseases, like asthma and other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, claim over 50 thousand lives annually in Kazakhstan according to national statistics (The Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2011). This study applies econometric methods to examine the relationship between the coal industry and the respiratory health in Kazakhstan during the country’s independency period using annual national data. The study investigates long-term equilibrium and short-term dynamics of coal production and respiratory diseases in Kazakhstan by applying the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The empirical results show that the respiratory diseases appear to be elastic relative to the coal production, and the strong long-run and short-run Granger causality running from coal production to respiratory diseases. The presence of causal relationship could be useful to define effective policies to reduce the health effects of coal industry in Kazakhstan.

Suggested Citation

  • Almaz Akhmetov, 2014. "Health Effects of Coal: A Long-Run Relationship Assessment of Coal Production and Respiratory Health in Kazakhstan," Energy and Environment Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 4(3), pages 138-138, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:ibn:eerjnl:v:4:y:2014:i:3:p:138
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dahl, Carol & Kuralbayeva, Karlygash, 2001. "Energy and the environment in Kazakhstan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(6), pages 429-440, May.
    2. Lockwood, Alan H., M.D., 2012. "The Silent Epidemic: Coal and the Hidden Threat to Health," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026201789x, December.
    3. Johansen, Soren, 1991. "Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(6), pages 1551-1580, November.
    4. Leonard P. Gianessi & Henry M. Peskin & Edward Wolff, 1979. "The Distributional Effects of Uniform Air Pollution Policy in the United States," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 93(2), pages 281-301.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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