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A Review of Offshore Renewable Energy in South America: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Author

Listed:
  • Milad Shadman

    (Offshore Renewable Energy Group (GERO), Ocean Engineering Program, COPPE/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-914, Brazil)

  • Mateo Roldan-Carvajal

    (Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 80 No 65-223, Medellín 050041, Colombia
    The Corporation Center of Excellence in Marine Sciences—CEMARIN, Carrera 21 # 35–53, Bogotá 111311, Colombia)

  • Fabian G. Pierart

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Collao Avenue 1202, Concepción 4051381, Chile)

  • Pablo Alejandro Haim

    (Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Buenos Aires C1041AAJ, Argentina)

  • Rodrigo Alonso

    (Instituto de Mecánica de los Fluidos e Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay)

  • Corbiniano Silva

    (Engineering Computational Methods Laboratory (LAMCE), Civil Engineering Program, COPPE/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-914, Brazil)

  • Andrés F. Osorio

    (Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 80 No 65-223, Medellín 050041, Colombia
    The Corporation Center of Excellence in Marine Sciences—CEMARIN, Carrera 21 # 35–53, Bogotá 111311, Colombia)

  • Nathalie Almonacid

    (Marine Energy Research and Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago 7690000, Chile)

  • Griselda Carreras

    (Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Buenos Aires C1041AAJ, Argentina)

  • Mojtaba Maali Amiri

    (Offshore Renewable Energy Group (GERO), Ocean Engineering Program, COPPE/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-914, Brazil)

  • Santiago Arango-Aramburo

    (Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 80 No 65-223, Medellín 050041, Colombia
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA)

  • Miguel Angel Rosas

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Collao Avenue 1202, Concepción 4051381, Chile)

  • Mario Pelissero

    (Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Buenos Aires C1041AAJ, Argentina)

  • Roberto Tula

    (Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Buenos Aires C1041AAJ, Argentina)

  • Segen F. Estefen

    (Offshore Renewable Energy Group (GERO), Ocean Engineering Program, COPPE/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-914, Brazil)

  • Marcos Lafoz Pastor

    (Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Osvaldo Ronald Saavedra

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Energy Institute, CCET, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil)

Abstract

This paper addresses the current status and future research and development perspectives associated with technologies to harness offshore renewable energy, including offshore wind, waves, tides, ocean currents, and thermal and salinity gradient, in South America (SA). It focuses on five countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Uruguay. At first, a comprehensive survey presents the number of scientific papers classified based on the resource to show the tendency and importance of such subjects in the academic community. Each country’s electricity matrix and grid connection are shown to understand the region’s renewable source participation situation. The potential of offshore renewable resources is addressed by considering the published technical papers in scientific journals. The main conflicts and synergies associated with ocean space utilization are presented by considering the exclusive economic zone of each country. The status of the regulatory frameworks to promote and development of offshore renewable energies is presented. Two sections are dedicated to presenting the active, decommissioned and planned projects, research groups and laboratory infrastructures to develop the technologies. The last section discusses the future perspectives on the development of this sector in SA. It is observed that SA, with more than 25,000 km of coastline, has a great potential for offshore renewable energy; however, so far, these resources have not been explored commercially. Larger investment in the sector, establishing an adequate legal framework and deploying full-scale demonstration projects at sea are necessary for the commercialization of such technologies in SA.

Suggested Citation

  • Milad Shadman & Mateo Roldan-Carvajal & Fabian G. Pierart & Pablo Alejandro Haim & Rodrigo Alonso & Corbiniano Silva & Andrés F. Osorio & Nathalie Almonacid & Griselda Carreras & Mojtaba Maali Amiri &, 2023. "A Review of Offshore Renewable Energy in South America: Current Status and Future Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-34, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:1740-:d:1038011
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    References listed on IDEAS

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