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Investigation of Thermochemical Properties and Pyrolysis of Barley Waste as a Source for Renewable Energy

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  • Md Sumon Reza

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, East West University, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
    Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90112, Thailand
    Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei)

  • Juntakan Taweekun

    (Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90112, Thailand)

  • Shammya Afroze

    (Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei)

  • Shohel Ahmed Siddique

    (School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK)

  • Md. Shahinoor Islam

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
    Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh)

  • Chongqing Wang

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China)

  • Abul K. Azad

    (Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei)

Abstract

Energy consumption is rising dramatically at the price of depleting fossil fuel supplies and rising greenhouse gas emissions. To resolve this crisis, barley waste, which is hazardous for the environment and landfill, was studied through thermochemical characterization and pyrolysis to use it as a feedstock as a source of renewable energy. According to proximate analysis, the concentrations of ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and moisture were 5.43%, 73.41%, 18.15%, and 3.01%, consecutively. The ultimate analysis revealed that the composition included an acceptable H/C, O/C, and (N+O)/C atomic ratio, with the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen amounts being 46.04%, 6.84%, 3.895%, and 0.91%, respectively. The higher and lower heating values of 20.06 MJ/kg and 18.44 MJ/kg correspondingly demonstrate the appropriateness and promise for the generation of biofuel effectively. The results of the morphological study of biomass are promising for renewable energy sources. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the main link between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen was discovered, which is also important for bioenergy production. The maximum degradation rate was found by thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry to be 4.27% per minute for pyrolysis conditions at a temperature of 366 °C and 5.41% per minute for combustion conditions at a temperature of 298 °C. The maximum yields of biochar (38.57%), bio-oil (36.79%), and syngas (40.14%) in the pyrolysis procedure were obtained at 400, 500, and 600 °C, respectively. With the basic characterization and pyrolysis yields of the raw materials, it can be concluded that barley waste can be a valuable source of renewable energy. Further analysis of the pyrolyzed products is recommended to apply in the specific energy fields.

Suggested Citation

  • Md Sumon Reza & Juntakan Taweekun & Shammya Afroze & Shohel Ahmed Siddique & Md. Shahinoor Islam & Chongqing Wang & Abul K. Azad, 2023. "Investigation of Thermochemical Properties and Pyrolysis of Barley Waste as a Source for Renewable Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:1643-:d:1035847
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Ahmed, Ashfaq & Abu Bakar, Muhammad S. & Azad, Abul K. & Sukri, Rahayu S. & Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra, 2018. "Potential thermochemical conversion of bioenergy from Acacia species in Brunei Darussalam: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3060-3076.
    5. Md Sumon Reza & Abul K. Azad & Muhammad S. Abu Bakar & Md Rezaul Karim & Mohsen Sharifpur & Juntakan Taweekun, 2022. "Evaluation of Thermochemical Characteristics and Pyrolysis of Fish Processing Waste for Renewable Energy Feedstock," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-15, January.
    6. Hossain, Nazia & Zaini, Juliana & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Azad, Abul K., 2019. "Elemental, morphological and thermal analysis of mixed microalgae species from drain water," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 617-624.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mohammed Yousri Silaa & Oscar Barambones & José Antonio Cortajarena & Patxi Alkorta & Aissa Bencherif, 2023. "PEMFC Current Control Using a Novel Compound Controller Enhanced by the Black Widow Algorithm: A Comprehensive Simulation Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-23, September.
    2. Md Sumon Reza & Shammya Afroze & Kairat Kuterbekov & Asset Kabyshev & Kenzhebatyr Zh. Bekmyrza & Md Naimul Haque & Shafi Noor Islam & Md Aslam Hossain & Mahbub Hassan & Hridoy Roy & Md Shahinoor Islam, 2023. "Advanced Applications of Carbonaceous Materials in Sustainable Water Treatment, Energy Storage, and CO 2 Capture: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-56, May.
    3. Md Sumon Reza & Shammya Afroze & Kairat Kuterbekov & Asset Kabyshev & Kenzhebatyr Zh. Bekmyrza & Juntakan Taweekun & Fairuzeta Ja’afar & Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar & Abul K. Azad & Hridoy Roy & Md. , 2023. "Ex Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Invasive Pennisetum purpureum Grass with Activated Carbon for Upgrading Bio-Oil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-20, May.
    4. Md Sumon Reza & Zhanar Baktybaevna Iskakova & Shammya Afroze & Kairat Kuterbekov & Asset Kabyshev & Kenzhebatyr Zh. Bekmyrza & Marzhan M. Kubenova & Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar & Abul K. Azad & Hrido, 2023. "Influence of Catalyst on the Yield and Quality of Bio-Oil for the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-39, July.

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