IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i14p10864-d1191463.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Research on Multi-Channel Supply Chain Decisions Considering Carbon Emission Cost and Consumer Loyalty

Author

Listed:
  • Haodong Chen

    (E-Commerce and Logistics Management College, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

  • Hengyi Zhang

    (Southampton Business School, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK)

  • Eias Al Humdan

    (Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 114646, United Arab Emirates)

  • Mohammed Alharithi

    (Southampton Business School, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
    College of Science and Human Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al Kharj 16273, Saudi Arabia)

  • Yu Gong

    (Southampton Business School, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK)

Abstract

Considering carbon emission cost and consumer loyalty, this paper establishes a three-level multi-channel supply chain composed of the leading manufacturer, the retailer, and the consumer and builds a multi-channel supply chain with centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making modes, and the optimal decision-making under both decision-making modes is solved. The study found that the carbon emission reduction level of multi-channel centralized decision-making is better than that of decentralized decision-making under the same carbon emission cost, and centralized decision-making can improve the carbon emission reduction level. Manufacturers open a direct channel to help reduce carbon emissions and need to consider the cost of emission reduction in their channel decisions. Consumer loyalty also directly impacts channel decisions. Only when carbon emission costs and consumer loyalty are within a reasonable range can new direct sales channels be opened to bring in new profits. Simultaneously, the total profit of the supply chain is greater than that of decentralized decision-making, but the double marginal utility of both parties decreases with the increase in carbon emission costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Haodong Chen & Hengyi Zhang & Eias Al Humdan & Mohammed Alharithi & Yu Gong, 2023. "Research on Multi-Channel Supply Chain Decisions Considering Carbon Emission Cost and Consumer Loyalty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-28, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:14:p:10864-:d:1191463
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/14/10864/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/14/10864/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cai, Gangshu (George), 2010. "Channel Selection and Coordination in Dual-Channel Supply Chains," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 86(1), pages 22-36.
    2. Jena, Sarat Kumar & Meena, Purushottam, 2022. "Competitive sustainable processes and pricing decisions in omnichannel closed-up supply chains under different channel power structures," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    3. Li, Guo & Li, Lin & Sun, Jiasen, 2019. "Pricing and service effort strategy in a dual-channel supply chain with showrooming effect," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 32-48.
    4. Kumar, Anil & Prakash, Gyan & Kumar, Gaurav, 2021. "Does environmentally responsible purchase intention matter for consumers? A predictive sustainable model developed through an empirical study," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    5. Sheth, Jagdish, 2020. "Impact of Covid-19 on consumer behavior: Will the old habits return or die?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 280-283.
    6. Yan, Bo & Wang, Tao & Liu, Yan-ping & Liu, Yang, 2016. "Decision analysis of retailer-dominated dual-channel supply chain considering cost misreporting," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 34-41.
    7. Kawasaki, Tomoya & Wakashima, Hisayuki & Shibasaki, Ryuichi, 2022. "The use of e-commerce and the COVID-19 outbreak: A panel data analysis in Japan," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 88-100.
    8. Li, Guo & Li, Lin & Sethi, Suresh P. & Guan, Xu, 2019. "Return strategy and pricing in a dual-channel supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 153-164.
    9. Wang, Yuyan & Yu, Zhaoqing & Jin, Mingzhou & Mao, Jiafu, 2021. "Decisions and coordination of retailer-led low-carbon supply chain under altruistic preference," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 293(3), pages 910-925.
    10. Matsui, Kenji, 2018. "When and what wholesale and retail prices should be set in multi-channel supply chains?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 267(2), pages 540-554.
    11. Tianwen Chen & Ronghu Zhou & Changqing Liu & Xiang Xu, 2023. "Research on Coordination in a Dual-Channel Green Supply Chain under Live Streaming Mode," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-23, January.
    12. Kandil, Narjes & Hammami, Ramzi & Battaïa, Olga, 2022. "Insourcing versus outsourcing decision under environmental considerations and different contract arrangements," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    13. Heydari, Jafar & Govindan, Kannan & Aslani, Amin, 2019. "Pricing and greening decisions in a three-tier dual channel supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 185-196.
    14. Peng, Yongtao & Wang, Wei & Li, Shuanglin & Veglianti, Eleonora, 2022. "Competition and cooperation in the dual-channel green supply chain with customer satisfaction," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 95-113.
    15. Geraldo Cardoso de Oliveira Neto & Luiz Eduardo Carvalho Chaves & Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Pinto & José Carlos Curvelo Santana & Marlene Paula Castro Amorim & Mário Jorge Ferreira Rodrigues, 2019. "Economic, Environmental and Social Benefits of Adoption of Pyrolysis Process of Tires: A Feasible and Ecofriendly Mode to Reduce the Impacts of Scrap Tires in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-18, April.
    16. Xueping Zhen & Dan Shi & Sang-Bing Tsai & Wei Wang, 2019. "Pricing Decisions of a Supply Chain with Multichannel Retailer under Fairness Concerns," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2019, pages 1-22, November.
    17. Zhou, Jianheng & Zhao, Ruijuan & Wang, Weishen, 2019. "Pricing decision of a manufacturer in a dual-channel supply chain with asymmetric information," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 278(3), pages 809-820.
    18. José Carlos Curvelo Santana & Amanda Carvalho Miranda & Luane Souza & Charles Lincoln Kenji Yamamura & Diego de Freitas Coelho & Elias Basile Tambourgi & Fernando Tobal Berssaneti & Linda Lee Ho, 2021. "Clean Production of Biofuel from Waste Cooking Oil to Reduce Emissions, Fuel Cost, and Respiratory Disease Hospitalizations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-25, August.
    19. Dan Wu & Yuxiang Yang, 2020. "The Low-Carbon Supply Chain Coordination Problem with Consumers’ Low-Carbon Preference," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-15, April.
    20. Hsieh, Chung-Chi & Chang, Yih-Long & Wu, Cheng-Han, 2014. "Competitive pricing and ordering decisions in a multiple-channel supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 156-165.
    21. Zhang, Peng & He, Yong & Shi, Chunming (Victor), 2017. "Retailer's channel structure choice: Online channel, offline channel, or dual channels?," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 37-50.
    22. Chen, Jing & Zhang, Hui & Sun, Ying, 2012. "Implementing coordination contracts in a manufacturer Stackelberg dual-channel supply chain," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 40(5), pages 571-583.
    23. Sarkis, Joseph & Zhu, Qinghua & Lai, Kee-hung, 2011. "An organizational theoretic review of green supply chain management literature," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(1), pages 1-15, March.
    24. Khorshidvand, Behrooz & Soleimani, Hamed & Sibdari, Soheil & Seyyed Esfahani, Mir Mehdi, 2021. "Revenue management in a multi-level multi-channel supply chain considering pricing, greening, and advertising decisions," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    25. Wang, Wei & Li, Gang & Cheng, T.C.E., 2016. "Channel selection in a supply chain with a multi-channel retailer: The role of channel operating costs," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 54-65.
    26. Wen, W. & Yang, S. & Zhou, P. & Gao, S.Z., 2021. "Impacts of COVID-19 on the electric vehicle industry: Evidence from China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    27. Chen, Yun Chu & Fang, Shu-Cherng & Wen, Ue-Pyng, 2013. "Pricing policies for substitutable products in a supply chain with Internet and traditional channels," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 224(3), pages 542-551.
    28. Rufeng Wang & Siqi Wang & Shuli Yan, 2021. "Pricing and Coordination Strategies of Dual Channels Considering Consumers’ Channel Preferences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-15, October.
    29. Stefan Seuring & Martin Müller, 2008. "Core issues in sustainable supply chain management – a Delphi study," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(8), pages 455-466, December.
    30. Melis, Kristina & Campo, Katia & Lamey, Lien & Breugelmans, Els, 2016. "A Bigger Slice of the Multichannel Grocery Pie: When Does Consumers’ Online Channel Use Expand Retailers’ Share of Wallet?," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 92(3), pages 268-286.
    31. Carrillo, Janice E. & Vakharia, Asoo J. & Wang, Ruoxuan, 2014. "Environmental implications for online retailing," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 239(3), pages 744-755.
    32. Chen, Jingxian & Liang, Liang & Yao, Dong-Qing & Sun, Shengnan, 2017. "Price and quality decisions in dual-channel supply chains," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 259(3), pages 935-948.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Matsui, Kenji, 2020. "Optimal bargaining timing of a wholesale price for a manufacturer with a retailer in a dual-channel supply chain," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 287(1), pages 225-236.
    2. Zhang, Yumeng & Hezarkhani, Behzad, 2021. "Competition in dual-channel supply chains: The manufacturers' channel selection," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 291(1), pages 244-262.
    3. Syed Asif Raza, 2022. "A bibliometric analysis of pricing models in supply chain," Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(2), pages 228-251, April.
    4. Zhang, Guangming & Dai, Gengxin & Sun, Hao & Zhang, Guitao & Yang, Zhilin, 2020. "Equilibrium in supply chain network with competition and service level between channels considering consumers' channel preferences," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    5. Wang, Qiang & Wu, Jie & Zhao, Nenggui, 2022. "Optimal operational policies of a dual-channel supply chain considering return service," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 414-437.
    6. Matsui, Kenji, 2024. "Should competing suppliers with dual-channel supply chains adopt agency selling in an e-commerce platform?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 312(2), pages 587-604.
    7. Xue, Musen & Zhang, Jianxiong & Zhu, Guowei, 2020. "Quantity decision timing with spillover effect and asymmetric demand information," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    8. Syed Asif Raza, 2020. "Price Differentiation and Inventory Decisions in a Socially Responsible Dual-Channel Supply Chain with Partial Information Stochastic Demand and Cannibalization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-42, November.
    9. Yan, Yingchen & Zhao, Ruiqing & Liu, Zhibing, 2018. "Strategic introduction of the marketplace channel under spillovers from online to offline sales," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 267(1), pages 65-77.
    10. Matsui, Kenji, 2022. "Should a retailer bargain over a wholesale price with a manufacturer using a dual-channel supply chain?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 300(3), pages 1050-1066.
    11. Tahirov, Nail & Glock, Christoph H., 2022. "Manufacturer encroachment and channel conflicts: A systematic review of the literature," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 302(2), pages 403-426.
    12. Jabarzare, Nahid & Rasti-Barzoki, Morteza, 2020. "A game theoretic approach for pricing and determining quality level through coordination contracts in a dual-channel supply chain including manufacturer and packaging company," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    13. Shi, Siyu & Sun, Jingchun & Cheng, T.C.E., 2020. "Wholesale or drop-shipping: Contract choices of the online retailer and the manufacturer in a dual-channel supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    14. Liu, Mengqi & Liang, Ke & Perera, Sandun & Huang, Rui & Ghose, Sanjoy, 2022. "Game theoretical analysis of service effort timing scheme strategies in dual-channel supply chains," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    15. Tian, Yi & Ma, Junhai & Xie, Lei & Koivumäki, Timo & Seppänen, Veikko, 2020. "Coordination and control of multi-channel supply chain driven by consumers’ channel preference and sales effort," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    16. Yan, Nina & Zhang, Yaping & Xu, Xun & Gao, Yongling, 2021. "Online finance with dual channels and bidirectional free-riding effect," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    17. Sun, Cuiying & Zhang, Xiong & Zhou, Yong-Wu & Cao, Bin, 2022. "Pricing, financing and channel structure for capital-constrained dual-channel supply chains with product heterogeneity," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    18. Yang, Lei & Tang, Ruihong, 2019. "Comparisons of sales modes for a fresh product supply chain with freshness-keeping effort," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 425-448.
    19. He, Peng & He, Yong & Zhou, Li, 2023. "Channel strategies for dual-channel firms to counter strategic consumers," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    20. Sun, Libo & Jiao, Xiaoting & Guo, Xiaolong & Yu, Yugang, 2022. "Pricing policies in dual distribution channels: The reference effect of official prices," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 296(1), pages 146-157.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:14:p:10864-:d:1191463. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.