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Relationship between Household Dynamics, Biomass Consumption, and Carbon Emissions in Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Imran

    (Department of Economics and Business & Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Azlan Zahid

    (Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, TX 75252, USA)

  • Salma Mouneer

    (Department of Economics, Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan)

  • Orhan Özçatalbaş

    (Department of Agricultural Economics, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey)

  • Shamsheer Ul Haq

    (Department of Economics, Division of Management and Administrative Science, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan)

  • Pomi Shahbaz

    (Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricuture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55139, Turkey)

  • Muhammad Muzammil

    (Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany)

  • Muhammad Ramiz Murtaza

    (Department of Economics, School of Economics & Finance, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China)

Abstract

Over the years, the household sector has become an important energy consumer and the main source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The rural household sector has significant potential for emission reduction due to its heavy reliance on traditional fuels and technologies. A great number of academic studies have been undertaken to analyze patterns of household energy and their determinants around the globe, particularly in developing countries. However, little is known about the association between household dynamics and patterns of energy (biomass vs. non-renewable) use. This study aims to analyze the relationship between different household dynamics, such as household size, income, climate, availability of resources, markets, awareness, consumption of energy, and carbon emissions. The study uses the STIRPAT model to investigate the impact of income, household size, housing dimensions, clean energy, and market accessibility on energy consumption. The findings of the study reveal that biomass energy accounts for the majority of household energy consumption and dung has the highest share in total household energy consumption (39.11%) The consumption of biomass increased with the size of the household and decreased with the level of income. A 1 kgoe increase in biomass consumption resulted in a 15.355 kg increase in CO 2 emissions; on the other hand, a 1 kgoe increase in non-renewable-energy consumption resulted in just a 0.8675 kg increase in CO 2 emissions. The coefficients of housing unit size, distance from the LPG market, and livestock were the primary determinants for choosing any fuel. Having knowledge of modern cookstoves, clean energy, and the environmental impact of fuels reduced the consumption of both energy sources. Furthermore, it was found that households with a greater reliance on biomass emitted higher quantities of carbon compared to those with a low reliance on biomass. Based on the results of the study, it can be stated that a reduction in the use of biomass and non-renewable energy is possible with adequate interventions and knowledge.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Imran & Azlan Zahid & Salma Mouneer & Orhan Özçatalbaş & Shamsheer Ul Haq & Pomi Shahbaz & Muhammad Muzammil & Muhammad Ramiz Murtaza, 2022. "Relationship between Household Dynamics, Biomass Consumption, and Carbon Emissions in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:11:p:6762-:d:829401
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