IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i18p10461-d639416.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Performance Evaluation of a Field-Scale Anaerobic Baffled Reactor as an Economic and Sustainable Solution for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Author

Listed:
  • Yasmin Saif

    (Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan)

  • Mahwish Ali

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Multidiciplinary Studies, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan)

  • Ian M. Jones

    (School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK)

  • Safia Ahmed

    (Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan)

Abstract

The present study explored the efficiency of a four-chambered anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) as a cost-effective and sustainable method of organic pollutant and pathogen removal from domestic wastewater, under a range of environmental conditions. An ABR with a circular additional filter at the outlet pipe was constructed to treat wastewater from a residential colony of 108 households with an average inflow of 110 m 3 /day and a nominal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20 h. Analysis of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, sulfate and phosphate load, and total coliform removal for 2 years of operation, 2015 and 2017, showed a COD of 46%, sulfate load of 28%, phosphate load of 51% and total nitrogen of 28% for 2015, compared to a COD of 48%, sulfate load of 44%, phosphate load of 58% and total nitrogen of 31% for 2017. The lack of a significant effect of sludge removal suggested a stable process. The overall efficiency of the ABR increased in the summer, including for pathogen removal, which was significantly higher during the summer months of both years. Overall, the ABR was found to be able to consistently treat primary wastewater, although tertiary effluent treatment was still required before water reuse or final discharge.

Suggested Citation

  • Yasmin Saif & Mahwish Ali & Ian M. Jones & Safia Ahmed, 2021. "Performance Evaluation of a Field-Scale Anaerobic Baffled Reactor as an Economic and Sustainable Solution for Domestic Wastewater Treatment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-11, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:18:p:10461-:d:639416
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/18/10461/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/18/10461/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chao Zhang & Guozhen Zhang & Fuping Wu & Tianhong Zhou, 2020. "Effect of ElasticFiller on Pollutant Removal in Each Compartment of ABR," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-16, March.
    2. Farzad Hamrang & Afshar Shokri & S. M. Seyed Mahmoudi & Biuk Ehghaghi & Marc A. Rosen, 2020. "Performance Analysis of a New Electricity and Freshwater Production System Based on an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle and Multi-Effect Desalination," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-29, September.
    3. Mohammed Ali Musa & Syazwani Idrus, 2021. "Physical and Biological Treatment Technologies of Slaughterhouse Wastewater: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, April.
    4. Agnieszka Ptak-Wojciechowska & Anna Januchta-Szostak & Agata Gawlak & Magda Matuszewska, 2021. "The Importance of Water and Climate-Related Aspects in the Quality of Urban Life Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-24, June.
    5. María Fernanda Jaramillo & Inés Restrepo, 2017. "Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture: A Review about Its Limitations and Benefits," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-19, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chen, Qian & Burhan, Muhammad & Akhtar, Faheem Hassan & Ybyraiymkul, Doskhan & Shahzad, Muhammad Wakil & Li, Yong & Ng, Kim Choon, 2021. "A decentralized water/electricity cogeneration system integrating concentrated photovoltaic/thermal collectors and vacuum multi-effect membrane distillation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    2. Kledja Canaj & Andi Mehmeti & Julio Berbel, 2021. "The Economics of Fruit and Vegetable Production Irrigated with Reclaimed Water Incorporating the Hidden Costs of Life Cycle Environmental Impacts," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-13, September.
    3. Karel Mulder, 2019. "Future Options for Sewage and Drainage Systems Three Scenarios for Transitions and Continuity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-15, March.
    4. Sina Shaddel & Hamidreza Bakhtiary-Davijany & Christian Kabbe & Farbod Dadgar & Stein W. Østerhus, 2019. "Sustainable Sewage Sludge Management: From Current Practices to Emerging Nutrient Recovery Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-12, June.
    5. Sana Khalid & Muhammad Shahid & Natasha & Irshad Bibi & Tania Sarwar & Ali Haidar Shah & Nabeel Khan Niazi, 2018. "A Review of Environmental Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Wastewater Use for Crop Irrigation with a Focus on Low and High-Income Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-36, May.
    6. Hou, Rui & Zhang, Nachuan & Yang, Chengsheng & Zhao, Jing & Li, Peng & Sun, Bo, 2023. "A novel structure of natural gas, electricity, and methanol production using a combined reforming cycle: Integration of biogas upgrading, liquefied natural gas re-gasification, power plant, and methan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    7. Jemal Fito & Stijn W. H. Hulle, 2021. "Wastewater reclamation and reuse potentials in agriculture: towards environmental sustainability," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 2949-2972, March.
    8. Grinshpan, Maayan & Turkeltaub, Tuvia & Furman, Alex & Raveh, Eran & Weisbrod, Noam, 2022. "On the use of orchards to support soil aquifer treatment systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    9. Su, Dawei, 2022. "Comprehensive thermodynamic and exergoeconomic analyses and multi-objective optimization of a compressed air energy storage hybridized with a parabolic trough solar collectors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).
    10. Marzena Smol, 2023. "Circular Economy in Wastewater Treatment Plant—Water, Energy and Raw Materials Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-18, May.
    11. Nemati Mofarrah, Ali & Jalalvand, Meysam & Abdolmaleki, Abbas, 2023. "Design, multi-aspect analyses, and multi-objective optimization of a biomass/geothermal-based cogeneration of power and freshwater," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    12. Shakibi, Hamid & Shokri, Afshar & Assareh, Ehsanolah & Yari, Mortaza & Lee, Moonyong, 2023. "Using machine learning approaches to model and optimize a combined solar/natural gas-based power and freshwater cogeneration system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    13. Jiajun Ma & Guohua Chen & Tao Zeng & Lixing Zhou & Jie Zhao & Yuanfei Zhao, 2023. "Methodology for Resilience Assessment of Oil Pipeline Network System Exposed to Earthquake," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, January.
    14. Cecilia Hodúr & Naoufal Bellahsen & Edit Mikó & Virág Nagypál & Zita Šereš & Szabolcs Kertész, 2020. "The Adsorption of Ammonium Nitrogen from Milking Parlor Wastewater Using Pomegranate Peel Powder for Sustainable Water, Resources, and Waste Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-13, June.
    15. Azizi, Saeid & Shakibi, Hamid & Shokri, Afshar & Chitsaz, Ata & Yari, Mortaza, 2023. "Multi-aspect analysis and RSM-based optimization of a novel dual-source electricity and cooling cogeneration system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    16. Ricart, Sandra & Rico, Antonio M., 2019. "Assessing technical and social driving factors of water reuse in agriculture: A review on risks, regulation and the yuck factor," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 426-439.
    17. Kristie L. Ebi & Frances Harris & Giles B. Sioen & Chadia Wannous & Assaf Anyamba & Peng Bi & Melanie Boeckmann & Kathryn Bowen & Guéladio Cissé & Purnamita Dasgupta & Gabriel O. Dida & Alexandros Gas, 2020. "Transdisciplinary Research Priorities for Human and Planetary Health in the Context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-25, November.
    18. Gao, Yang & Shao, Guangcheng & Wu, Shiqing & Xiaojun, Wang & Lu, Jia & Cui, Jintao, 2021. "Changes in soil salinity under treated wastewater irrigation: A meta-analysis," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    19. Eshaghi, Soroush & Hamrang, Farzad, 2021. "An innovative techno-economic analysis for the selection of an integrated ejector system in the flare gas recovery of a refinery plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    20. Donald Ukpanyang & Julio Terrados-Cepeda, 2022. "Decarbonizing Vehicle Transportation with Hydrogen from Biomass Gasification: An Assessment in the Nigerian Urban Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-23, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:18:p:10461-:d:639416. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.