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Role of Agricultural Diversification in Improving Resilience to Climate Change: An Empirical Analysis with Gaussian Paradigm

Author

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  • Adiqa Kausar Kiani

    (Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
    Department of Economics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad 75300, Pakistan)

  • Asif Sardar

    (Department of Economics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad 75300, Pakistan
    Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey)

  • Wasim Ullah Khan

    (School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Yigang He

    (School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Abdulbaki Bilgic

    (Department of Agricultural Economics, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey)

  • Yasemin Kuslu

    (Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey)

  • Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja

    (Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock 43600, Pakistan)

Abstract

Agricultural diversification efforts towards sustainable agriculture generates environmental and economic benefits. Climate change and agricultural production are characterized by a complex cause-effect relationship. In the present study, the primary dataset is collected through an interview-based survey from 410 farmers in 3 districts located in different agro-ecological zones of Punjab, Pakistan. Detailed analysis is conducted by employing the Gaussian treatment effects approach. Results of the study show that the farmers who adopted agricultural diversification to mitigate the impact of climate change were less and insignificantly benefited e.g., on an average of RS 95,260 (US $635) per annum whereas non-adopted farmers lost their farm income on an average of RS 115,750 (US $772) per annum if they had practiced the agricultural diversification. Moreover, determinants of agricultural diversification such as demographic and institutional indicators were significant and larger effects to adopt as compared to social indicators. This study suggests that policies should be designed in the regional context particularly related to the improvement in demographic characteristics and institutional factors such as providing subsidies, training, and awareness to the farmers, particularly to those who practice agricultural diversification. These measures will help to raise the farmers’ adaptive capacity for the adoption of agricultural diversification, and it will enable them to generate tangible benefits by increasing income through adopting sustainable agricultural livelihood.

Suggested Citation

  • Adiqa Kausar Kiani & Asif Sardar & Wasim Ullah Khan & Yigang He & Abdulbaki Bilgic & Yasemin Kuslu & Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja, 2021. "Role of Agricultural Diversification in Improving Resilience to Climate Change: An Empirical Analysis with Gaussian Paradigm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:17:p:9539-:d:621212
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