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The Nexus between Sustainable Economic Development and Government Health Expenditure in Asian Countries Based on Ecological Footprint Consumption

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Listed:
  • Durdana Qaiser Gillani

    (Department of Economics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 56000, Pakistan)

  • Syed Ahmad Saad Gillani

    (Department of Economics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 56000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Zahid Naeem

    (UBD School of Business and Economics, University of Brunei Darussalam (UBD), Gadong BE-1410, Brunei)

  • Cristi Spulbar

    (Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania)

  • Elizabeth Coker-Farrell

    (Faculty of Management, Concordia University of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB T5B 4E4, Canada)

  • Abdullah Ejaz

    (Accounting Department, Bredin College of Business and Health Care, Edmonton, AB T5J 0K1, Canada)

  • Ramona Birau

    (Faculty of Education Science, Law and Public Administration, C-tin Brancusi University of Targu Jiu, 210135 Targu Jiu, Romania)

Abstract

Health has vital importance in maintaining economic development since it is essential for, and a result of, economic development. This indicates that health makes a large contribution in achieving sustainable development and health outcomes. The significance of health is shown in the millennium development goals (MDGs) and in the sustainable development goals (SDGs), where four of the seventeen objectives focus on improving health outcomes (UN, 2021). As compared to other countries, some Asian countries are still worse off regarding health outcomes and are facing challenges in achieving positive outcomes for such goals. This study mainly focuses on identifying the link between public health expenditures and health outcomes in nine Asian economies from 2000 to 2018. The study implements fixed effects panel data estimations by using the Hausman specification test to identify the fixed effects model as the suitable estimator for the study. The empirical results from the fixed effects technique show that immunization, GDP per capita, trade openness, and utilization of basic water service facilities improve under-five and infant mortality in Asian economies. However, ecological footprint increases under-five and infant deaths by damaging the environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Durdana Qaiser Gillani & Syed Ahmad Saad Gillani & Muhammad Zahid Naeem & Cristi Spulbar & Elizabeth Coker-Farrell & Abdullah Ejaz & Ramona Birau, 2021. "The Nexus between Sustainable Economic Development and Government Health Expenditure in Asian Countries Based on Ecological Footprint Consumption," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:12:p:6824-:d:576264
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