IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i9p2455-d226088.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Penetration of Green Innovation on Firm Performance: Effects of Absorptive Capacity and Managerial Environmental Concern

Author

Listed:
  • Min Xue

    (School of Management, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China)

  • Francis Boadu

    (School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China)

  • Yu Xie

    (School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China)

Abstract

Under the background of environmental sustainability, it is of great significance to investigate how green innovation influences firm performance dimensions in emerging economies. Explicitly, the interaction effects of absorptive capacity (AC) and managerial environmental concern (MEC) on the correlation between green innovation and firm performance dimensions must be explored. Our data were obtained through a questionnaire survey from 253 companies operating in China. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), we found that (1) green innovation has a robustly positive effect on firm performance dimensions (operational, financial and environmental), and (2) absorptive capacity and managerial environmental concern can positively affect the correlation between green innovation and firm performance dimensions. Our results illustrate the integrating effects of absorptive capacity, managerial environmental concern, green innovation and firm performance dimensions.

Suggested Citation

  • Min Xue & Francis Boadu & Yu Xie, 2019. "The Penetration of Green Innovation on Firm Performance: Effects of Absorptive Capacity and Managerial Environmental Concern," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-24, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:9:p:2455-:d:226088
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/9/2455/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/9/2455/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pernilla Gluch & Mathias Gustafsson & Liane Thuvander, 2009. "An absorptive capacity model for green innovation and performance in the construction industry," Construction Management and Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(5), pages 451-464.
    2. Dean A. Shepherd & Jeffery S. Mcmullen & William Ocasio, 2017. "Is that an opportunity? An attention model of top managers' opportunity beliefs for strategic action," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(3), pages 626-644, March.
    3. Desai, Mihir A. & Hines Jr., James R., 2008. "Market reactions to export subsidies," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 459-474, March.
    4. Mingfeng Tang & Grace Walsh & Daniel Lerner & Markus A. Fitza & Qiaohua Li, 2018. "Green Innovation, Managerial Concern and Firm Performance: An Empirical Study," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(1), pages 39-51, January.
    5. Carrión-Flores, Carmen E. & Innes, Robert, 2010. "Environmental innovation and environmental performance," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 59(1), pages 27-42, January.
    6. Jing-Wen Huang & Yong-Hui Li, 2017. "Green Innovation and Performance: The View of Organizational Capability and Social Reciprocity," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 145(2), pages 309-324, October.
    7. Eiadat, Yousef & Kelly, Aidan & Roche, Frank & Eyadat, Hussein, 2008. "Green and competitive? An empirical test of the mediating role of environmental innovation strategy," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 43(2), pages 131-145, March.
    8. Sourafel Girma & Yundan Gong & Holger Görg & Zhihong Yu, 2009. "Can Production Subsidies Explain China's Export Performance? Evidence from Firm‐level Data," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 111(4), pages 863-891, December.
    9. Philipp Koellinger, 2008. "Why are some entrepreneurs more innovative than others?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 31(1), pages 21-37, June.
    10. Yu-Shan Chen, 2008. "The Positive Effect of Green Intellectual Capital on Competitive Advantages of Firms," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 77(3), pages 271-286, February.
    11. Ren Ze & Zhan Kun & Francis Boadu & Liu Yu, 2018. "The Effects of Boundary-Spanning Search, Network Ties, and Absorptive Capacity for Innovation: A Moderated Mediation Examination," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-18, October.
    12. Karen Palmer & Wallace E. Oates & Paul R. Portney & Karen Palmer & Wallace E. Oates & Paul R. Portney, 2004. "Tightening Environmental Standards: The Benefit-Cost or the No-Cost Paradigm?," Chapters, in: Environmental Policy and Fiscal Federalism, chapter 3, pages 53-66, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    13. Kammerer, Daniel, 2009. "The effects of customer benefit and regulation on environmental product innovation.: Empirical evidence from appliance manufacturers in Germany," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(8-9), pages 2285-2295, June.
    14. Leonidou, Leonidas C. & Fotiadis, Thomas A. & Christodoulides, Paul & Spyropoulou, Stavroula & Katsikeas, Constantine S., 2015. "Environmentally friendly export business strategy: Its determinants and effects on competitive advantage and performance," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 798-811.
    15. Hidemichi Fujii & Kazuyuki Iwata & Shinji Kaneko & Shunsuke Managi, 2013. "Corporate Environmental and Economic Performance of Japanese Manufacturing Firms: Empirical Study for Sustainable Development," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(3), pages 187-201, March.
    16. Jennifer González-Blanco & Jose Luis Coca-Pérez & Manuel Guisado-González, 2018. "The Contribution of Technological and Non-Technological Innovation to Environmental Performance. An Analysis with a Complementary Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-26, November.
    17. Frank T. Rothaermel & David L. Deeds, 2004. "Exploration and exploitation alliances in biotechnology: a system of new product development," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(3), pages 201-221, March.
    18. ZhongXiang Zhang, 2011. "Energy and Environmental Policy in China," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 13559.
    19. Ki‐Hoon Lee & Beom Cheol Cin & Eui Young Lee, 2016. "Environmental Responsibility and Firm Performance: The Application of an Environmental, Social and Governance Model," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(1), pages 40-53, January.
    20. Burak Erkut & Tugberk Kaya & Marco Lehmann-Waffenschmidt & Mandeep Mahendru & Gagan Deep Sharma & Achal Kumar Srivastava & Mrinalini Srivastava, 2018. "A fresh look on financial decision-making from the plasticity perspective," International Journal of Ethics and Systems, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 34(4), pages 426-441, August.
    21. Marco Tortoriello, 2015. "The social underpinnings of absorptive capacity: The moderating effects of structural holes on innovation generation based on external knowledge," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(4), pages 586-597, April.
    22. Rosa Maria Dangelico & Pierpaolo Pontrandolfo, 2015. "Being ‘Green and Competitive’: The Impact of Environmental Actions and Collaborations on Firm Performance," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(6), pages 413-430, September.
    23. Yu-Shan Chen & Shyh-Bao Lai & Chao-Tung Wen, 2006. "The Influence of Green Innovation Performance on Corporate Advantage in Taiwan," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 67(4), pages 331-339, September.
    24. Zhu, Qinghua & Sarkis, Joseph & Lai, Kee-hung, 2008. "Confirmation of a measurement model for green supply chain management practices implementation," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(2), pages 261-273, February.
    25. Antonioli, Davide & Mancinelli, Susanna & Mazzanti, Massimiliano, 2013. "Is environmental innovation embedded within high-performance organisational changes? The role of human resource management and complementarity in green business strategies," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(4), pages 975-988.
    26. Horváthová, Eva, 2010. "Does environmental performance affect financial performance? A meta-analysis," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(1), pages 52-59, November.
    27. Giorgos Papagiannakis & Irini Voudouris & Spyros Lioukas, 2014. "The Road to Sustainability: Exploring the Process of Corporate Environmental Strategy Over Time," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(4), pages 254-271, May.
    28. Henry Kaiser, 1974. "An index of factorial simplicity," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 39(1), pages 31-36, March.
    29. Giulio Cainelli & Massimiliano Mazzanti & Roberto Zoboli, 2011. "Enviromental Innovations, Complementarity and Local/Global Cooperation," Working Papers 201104, University of Ferrara, Department of Economics.
    30. Alex Coad & Jacob Rubæk Holm & Jackie Krafft & Francesco Quatraro, 2018. "Firm age and performance," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 28(1), pages 1-11, January.
    31. Chiou, Tzu-Yun & Chan, Hing Kai & Lettice, Fiona & Chung, Sai Ho, 2011. "The influence of greening the suppliers and green innovation on environmental performance and competitive advantage in Taiwan," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(6), pages 822-836.
    32. Justyna Przychodzen & Fernando Gómez-Bezares & Wojciech Przychodzen & Mikel Larreina, 2016. "ESG Issues among Fund Managers—Factors and Motives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-19, October.
    33. Chen, Gongmeng & Firth, Michael & Xu, Liping, 2009. "Does the type of ownership control matter? Evidence from China's listed companies," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 171-181, January.
    34. de Jong, Jeroen P.J. & Freel, Mark, 2010. "Absorptive capacity and the reach of collaboration in high technology small firms," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 47-54, February.
    35. Robert S. Huckman & Darren E. Zinner, 2008. "Does focus improve operational performance? Lessons from the management of clinical trials," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(2), pages 173-193, February.
    36. Chengli Shu & Kevin Z. Zhou & Yazhen Xiao & Shanxing Gao, 2016. "How Green Management Influences Product Innovation in China: The Role of Institutional Benefits," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 133(3), pages 471-485, February.
    37. Ben Arfi, Wissal & Hikkerova, Lubica & Sahut, Jean-Michel, 2018. "External knowledge sources, green innovation and performance," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 210-220.
    38. Horbach, Jens, 2008. "Determinants of environmental innovation--New evidence from German panel data sources," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 163-173, February.
    39. Borisova, Ginka & Brockman, Paul & Salas, Jesus M. & Zagorchev, Andrey, 2012. "Government ownership and corporate governance: Evidence from the EU," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 2917-2934.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tang Meirun & Lahcene Makhloufi & Mohamad Ghozali Hassan, 2020. "Environmental Outcomes of Green Entrepreneurship Harmonization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-26, December.
    2. Qi Yao & Hongjuan Tang & Francis Boadu & Yu Xie, 2023. "Digital Transformation and Firm Sustainable Growth: The Moderating Effects of Cross-border Search Capability and Managerial Digital Concern," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(4), pages 4929-4953, December.
    3. Rui Gong & Yong-Qiu Wu & Feng-Wen Chen & Tai-Hua Yan, 2020. "Labor Costs, Market Environment and Green Technological Innovation: Evidence from High-Pollution Firms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-20, January.
    4. Lingyun Mi & Ting Xu & Xiaoli Gan & Hong Chen & Lijie Qiao & Hanlin Zhu, 2019. "How to Motivate Employees’ Environmental Citizenship Behavior through Perceived Interpersonal Circle Power? A New Perspective from Chinese Circle Culture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-15, August.
    5. Muddassar Sarfraz & Larisa Ivascu & Muhammad Ibrahim Abdullah & Ilknur Ozturk & Jasim Tariq, 2022. "Exploring a Pathway to Sustainable Performance in Manufacturing Firms: The Interplay between Innovation Capabilities, Green Process, Product Innovations and Digital Leadership," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, May.
    6. Naila Nureen & Da Liu & Muhammad Irfan & Maida Malik & Usama Awan, 2023. "Nexuses among Green Supply Chain Management, Green Human Capital, Managerial Environmental Knowledge, and Firm Performance: Evidence from a Developing Country," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-22, March.
    7. Safinaz H. Abourokbah & Reem M. Mashat & Mohammad Asif Salam, 2023. "Role of Absorptive Capacity, Digital Capability, Agility, and Resilience in Supply Chain Innovation Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-25, February.
    8. Ayça Kubra Hizarci‐Payne & İlayda İpek & Gülüzar Kurt Gümüş, 2021. "How environmental innovation influences firm performance: A meta‐analytic review," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(2), pages 1174-1190, February.
    9. Huayun Wang & Zhuoran Zhang, 2021. "The Influence of Corporate Networks on the Competitive Advantage of High Technology Enterprises in China: The Mediating Effects of Dynamic Capacities and Ambidextrous Combination," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-16, August.
    10. Sara Alonso-Muñoz & Eva Pelechano-Barahona & Rocío González-Sánchez, 2020. "Participation in Group Companies as a Source of External Knowledge in Obtaining and Making Profitable Radical Innovations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-19, September.
    11. Obey Dzomonda & Olawale Fatoki, 2020. "Environmental Sustainability Commitment and Financial Performance of Firms Listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-21, October.
    12. Waymond Rodgers & Mouza Al Habsi & George Gamble, 2019. "Sustainability and Firm Performance: A Review and Analysis Using Algorithmic Pathways in the Throughput Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-27, July.
    13. Bauweraerts, Jonathan & Arzubiaga, Unai & Diaz-Moriana, Vanessa, 2022. "Going greener, performing better? The case of private family firms," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    14. Qaisar Iqbal & Noor Hazlina Ahmad & Yongmei Li, 2021. "Sustainable Leadership in Frontier Asia Region: Managerial Discretion and Environmental Innovation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-14, April.
    15. Lingli Qing & Dongphil Chun & Abd Alwahed Dagestani & Peng Li, 2022. "Does Proactive Green Technology Innovation Improve Financial Performance? Evidence from Listed Companies with Semiconductor Concepts Stock in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-20, April.
    16. Shuizheng Song & Md Altab Hossin & Xiaohua Yin & Md Sajjad Hosain, 2021. "Accelerating Green Innovation Performance from the Relations of Network Potential, Absorptive Capacity, and Environmental Turbulence," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-26, July.
    17. Ewa Chomać-Pierzecka, 2023. "Pharmaceutical Companies in the Light of the Idea of Sustainable Development—An Analysis of Selected Aspects of Sustainable Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-23, May.
    18. Kang Tan & Abu Bakkar Siddik & Farid Ahammad Sobhani & Muhammad Hamayun & Mohammad Masukujjaman, 2022. "Do Environmental Strategy and Awareness Improve Firms’ Environmental and Financial Performance? The Role of Competitive Advantage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-24, August.
    19. Usama Awan & Shazia Nauman & Robert Sroufe, 2021. "Exploring the effect of buyer engagement on green product innovation: Empirical evidence from manufacturers," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(1), pages 463-477, January.
    20. Shengzhong Zhang & Yingmin Yu & Qihong Zhu & Chun Martin Qiu & Aixuan Tian, 2020. "Green Innovation Mode under Carbon Tax and Innovation Subsidy: An Evolutionary Game Analysis for Portfolio Policies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-22, February.
    21. Lahcene Makhloufi & Abderrazak Ahmed Laghouag & Tang Meirun & Fateh Belaid, 2022. "Impact of green entrepreneurship orientation on environmental performance: The natural resource‐based view and environmental policy perspective," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(1), pages 425-444, January.
    22. Lu Zheng & Konstantinos Iatridis, 2022. "Friends or foes? A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis of the relationship between eco‐innovation and firm performance," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(4), pages 1838-1855, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mingfeng Tang & Grace Walsh & Daniel Lerner & Markus A. Fitza & Qiaohua Li, 2018. "Green Innovation, Managerial Concern and Firm Performance: An Empirical Study," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(1), pages 39-51, January.
    2. Lin, Woon Leong & Ho, Jo Ann & Sambasivan, Murali & Yip, Nick & Mohamed, Azali Bin, 2021. "Influence of green innovation strategy on brand value: The role of marketing capability and R&D intensity," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    3. Feng Zhang & Lei Zhu, 2019. "Enhancing corporate sustainable development: Stakeholder pressures, organizational learning, and green innovation," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(6), pages 1012-1026, September.
    4. Lu Zheng & Konstantinos Iatridis, 2022. "Friends or foes? A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis of the relationship between eco‐innovation and firm performance," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(4), pages 1838-1855, May.
    5. Ayça Kubra Hizarci‐Payne & İlayda İpek & Gülüzar Kurt Gümüş, 2021. "How environmental innovation influences firm performance: A meta‐analytic review," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(2), pages 1174-1190, February.
    6. Morteza Akbari & Hamid Padash & Zahra Shahabaldini Parizi & Haniye Rezaei & Elmira Shahriari & Ala Khosravani, 2022. "A bibliometric review of green innovation research: identifying knowledge domain and network," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(6), pages 3993-4023, December.
    7. Pinget, Amandine, 2016. "Spécificités des déterminants des innovations environnementales : une approche appliquée aux PME [Specificities of determinants for environmental innovation : an approach applied to SMEs]," MPRA Paper 80108, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Ho, Kung-Cheng & Shen, Xixi & Yan, Cheng & Hu, Xiang, 2023. "Influence of green innovation on disclosure quality: Mediating role of media attention," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    9. Tariq, Adeel & Badir, Yuosre F. & Tariq, Waqas & Bhutta, Umair Saeed, 2017. "Drivers and consequences of green product and process innovation: A systematic review, conceptual framework, and future outlook," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 8-23.
    10. Eduardo Duque‐Grisales & Javier Aguilera‐Caracuel & Jaime Guerrero‐Villegas & Encarnación García‐Sánchez, 2020. "Does green innovation affect the financial performance of Multilatinas? The moderating role of ISO 14001 and R&D investment," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(8), pages 3286-3302, December.
    11. Huang, Yi-Chun & Chen, Chih Ta, 2022. "Exploring institutional pressures, firm green slack, green product innovation and green new product success: Evidence from Taiwan's high-tech industries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    12. Justin Doran & Geraldine Ryan, 2016. "The Importance of the Diverse Drivers and Types of Environmental Innovation for Firm Performance," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(2), pages 102-119, February.
    13. Gema Albort-Morant & Jörg Henseler & Antonio Leal-Millán & Gabriel Cepeda-Carrión, 2017. "Mapping the Field: A Bibliometric Analysis of Green Innovation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-15, June.
    14. Zhongju Liao, 2018. "Corporate culture, environmental innovation and financial performance," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(8), pages 1368-1375, December.
    15. Lu Qiu & Xiaowen Jie & Yanan Wang & Minjuan Zhao, 2020. "Green product innovation, green dynamic capability, and competitive advantage: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing enterprises," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(1), pages 146-165, January.
    16. Chenli Yin & Maria Paz Salmador & Dan Li & M. Begoña Lloria, 2022. "Green entrepreneurship and SME performance: the moderating effect of firm age," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 255-275, March.
    17. Achi, Awele & Adeola, Ogechi & Achi, Francis Chukwuedo, 2022. "CSR and green process innovation as antecedents of micro, small, and medium enterprise performance: Moderating role of perceived environmental volatility," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 771-781.
    18. Hua-Hung (Robin) Weng & Ja-Shen Chen & Pei-Ching Chen, 2015. "Effects of Green Innovation on Environmental and Corporate Performance: A Stakeholder Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-30, April.
    19. Manjot Singh Bhatia, 2021. "Green process innovation and operational performance: The role of proactive environment strategy, technological capabilities, and organizational learning," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(7), pages 2845-2857, November.
    20. Wenbo Jiang & Francesco Rosati & Huaqi Chai & Taiwen Feng, 2020. "Market orientation practices enhancing corporate environmental performance via knowledge creation: Does environmental management system implementation matter?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(5), pages 1899-1924, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:9:p:2455-:d:226088. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.