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Regional Tourism Clustering Based on the Three Ps of the Sustainability Services Marketing Matrix: An Example of Central and Eastern European Countries

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  • Gabriela Koľveková

    (Department of Economic Theories, Faculty of Economics, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 04200 Košice, Slovakia)

  • Erika Liptáková

    (Department of Applied Mathematics and Business Informatics, Faculty of Economics, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 04200 Košice, Slovakia)

  • Ľubomír Štrba

    (Department of Geo and Mining Tourism, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 04200 Košice, Slovakia)

  • Branislav Kršák

    (Department of Geo and Mining Tourism, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 04200 Košice, Slovakia)

  • Csaba Sidor

    (Department of Geo and Mining Tourism, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 04200 Košice, Slovakia)

  • Michal Cehlár

    (Institute of Earth Resources, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 04200 Košice, Slovakia)

  • Samer Khouri

    (Institute of Earth Resources, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 04200 Košice, Slovakia)

  • Marcel Behún

    (Institute of Earth Resources, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 04200 Košice, Slovakia)

Abstract

The impact of tourism on quality of life standards in regions is significant in terms of people, planet, and profit. This paper examines the subnational NUTS 2 level regions, (in line with Eurostat) by applying several interlinked and connected indicators. Adopting the three Ps (people, planet, profit) of the Sustainability Services Marketing Mix, this article discusses the fusion of 54 regions of Central and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovenia, Romania, and Bulgaria) into clusters according to the selected accommodation tourism indicators used by the European Statistical Agency (Eurostat) to evaluate tourism. Since many variables of the Prague region significantly exceed the values of the remaining regions, this region has been considered as an individual cluster, excluded from the cluster analysis. The cluster analysis resulted in the definition of six clusters consisting of regions with similar indicators’ statistics characteristics. The presented approach changes the traditional approach to clusters in tourism and provokes thinking about new criteria of clustering and solutions in the field of tourism, especially when considering future cooperation, competitiveness, and sustainable development.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabriela Koľveková & Erika Liptáková & Ľubomír Štrba & Branislav Kršák & Csaba Sidor & Michal Cehlár & Samer Khouri & Marcel Behún, 2019. "Regional Tourism Clustering Based on the Three Ps of the Sustainability Services Marketing Matrix: An Example of Central and Eastern European Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:400-:d:197641
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Tomáš Mandičák & Peter Mésároš & Marcela Spišáková, 2021. "Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Sustainable Supply Chain and Cost Reducing of Waste Management in Slovak Construction," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-19, July.
    4. Michał Roman & Monika Roman & Arkadiusz Niedziółka, 2020. "Spatial Diversity of Tourism in the Countries of the European Union," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, March.

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