IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i22p6468-d287939.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Return Migration and Tourism Sustainability in Portugal: Extracting Opportunities for Sustainable Common Planning in Southern Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Rossana Santos

    (College of Technologies and Management, University of Madeira, 9000-082 Madeira, Portugal
    CITUR-Madeira-Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation, 9000-082 Madeira, Portugal)

  • Rui Alexandre Castanho

    (CITUR-Madeira-Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation, 9000-082 Madeira, Portugal
    Faculty of Applied Sciences, WSB University, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
    Environmental Resources Analysis Research Group (ARAM), University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
    VALORIZA-Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, 7300 Portalegre, Portugal)

  • Sérgio Lousada

    (CITUR-Madeira-Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation, 9000-082 Madeira, Portugal
    VALORIZA-Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, 7300 Portalegre, Portugal
    Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering and Geology (DECG), University of Madeira, 9000-082 Madeira, Portugal)

Abstract

This study contributes to the knowledge of decision-makers on how tourism, small and medium-sized enterprises, return migration, and cooperation strategies can contribute to growth and sustainable development in rural areas. More specifically, it uses the Portuguese case to answer the following question: can the expectations and perceptions of emigrants provide directions for sustainable tourism development and common planning in order to contribute to rural development? The results obtained in a study developed in Portugal, through the application of a questionnaire survey of 5157 Portuguese emigrants, confirm the validity of this question. It is concluded that there are the emigrants at an active age (29–39 years old) and with a house in a rural area that have a greater propensity of returning, investing, and gaining employment in the area of tourism in Portugal, and they also have more training and professional experience in this area. Similarly, considering the experiences and migratory characteristics of these emigrants, it is argued that there is a strong probability that the return of emigrants from Southern European countries will contribute to the development of tourism in the rural areas of these countries. Besides, the study enables the identification of recommendations and directions for sustainable common planning in the political–strategic, financial–economic, resource sustainability, and sociocultural fields.

Suggested Citation

  • Rossana Santos & Rui Alexandre Castanho & Sérgio Lousada, 2019. "Return Migration and Tourism Sustainability in Portugal: Extracting Opportunities for Sustainable Common Planning in Southern Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:22:p:6468-:d:287939
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/22/6468/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/22/6468/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Laterra, Pedro & Nahuelhual, Laura & Gluch, Mariana & Sirimarco, Ximena & Bravo, Gonzalo & Monjeau, Adrián, 2019. "How are jobs and ecosystem services linked at the local scale?," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 207-218.
    2. Démurger, Sylvie & Xu, Hui, 2011. "Return Migrants: The Rise of New Entrepreneurs in Rural China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 1847-1861.
    3. Wahba, Jackline & Zenou, Yves, 2012. "Out of sight, out of mind: Migration, entrepreneurship and social capital," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(5), pages 890-903.
    4. repec:rre:publsh:v:37:y:2007:i:2:p:186-206 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Bryden, John & Bollman, Ray, 2000. "Rural employment in industrialised countries," Agricultural Economics, Blackwell, vol. 22(2), pages 185-197, March.
    6. Marchetta, Francesca, 2012. "Return Migration and the Survival of Entrepreneurial Activities in Egypt," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(10), pages 1999-2013.
    7. Luísa Cagica Carvalho & Conceição Rego & Maria Raquel Lucas & M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández & Adriana (ed.), 2019. "New Paths of Entrepreneurship Development," Studies on Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics, Springer, number 978-3-319-96032-6, July.
    8. Gabriela Carmen Pascariu & Bogdan-Constantin Ibanescu, 2018. "Determinants and Implications of the Tourism Multiplier Effect in EU Economies. Towards a Core-Periphery Pattern?," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 20(S12), pages 982-982, November.
    9. Russell King & Mark Thomson, 2008. "The Southern European model of immigration: do the cases of Malta, Cyprus and Slovenia fit?," Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(3), pages 265-291.
    10. Grek, Jenny & Karlsson, Charlie & Klaesson, Johan, 2009. "Market Potential and New Firm Formation," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 202, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    11. John C. Bergstrom & H. Ken Cordell & Gregory A. Ashley & Alan E. Watson, 1990. "Economic Impacts of Recreational Spending on Rural Areas: A Case Study," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 4(1), pages 29-39, February.
    12. Colin Cannonier & Monica Galloway Burke, 2019. "The economic growth impact of tourism in Small Island Developing States—evidence from the Caribbean," Tourism Economics, , vol. 25(1), pages 85-108, February.
    13. Wenfei Winnie Wang & C Cindy Fan, 2006. "Success or Failure: Selectivity and Reasons of Return Migration in Sichuan and Anhui, China," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 38(5), pages 939-958, May.
    14. Maureen Kilkenny & Mark D. Partridge, 2009. "Export Sectors and Rural Development," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 91(4), pages 910-929.
    15. Eduardo Amaral Haddad & Alexandre Alves Porsse & Wilson Rabahy, 2013. "Domestic Tourism and Regional Inequality in Brazil," Tourism Economics, , vol. 19(1), pages 173-186, February.
    16. Döndü ?Lkaya & Ay?Egül O?Uz, 2015. "Economic Contribution Of Tourism," Proceedings of International Academic Conferences 3105394, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences.
    17. Meller, Patricio & Marfan, Manuel, 1981. "Small and Large Industry: Employment Generation, Linkages, and Key Sectors," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 29(2), pages 263-274, January.
    18. Rui Alexandre Castanho & Luís Loures & José Cabezas & Luis Fernández-Pozo, 2017. "Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) in Southern Europe—An Iberian Case Study. The Eurocity Elvas-Badajoz," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-16, March.
    19. Rui Alexandre Castanho & José Manuel Naranjo Gómez & Joanna Kurowska-Pysz, 2019. "How to Reach the Eurocities? A Retrospective Review of the Evolution Dynamics of Urban Planning and Management on the Iberian Peninsula Territories," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-23, January.
    20. Sungsoo Kim & Chad R. Miller, 2017. "An economic model comparison of EMSI and IMPLAN," Tourism Economics, , vol. 23(5), pages 1124-1130, August.
    21. Hjerpe, Evan E., 2018. "Outdoor Recreation as a Sustainable Export Industry: A Case Study of the Boundary Waters Wilderness," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 60-68.
    22. Karin Mahony & Jurgens Van Zyl, 2002. "The impacts of tourism investment on rural communities: Three case studies in South Africa," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(1), pages 83-103.
    23. Luís Loures & Rui Alexandre Castanho & José Manuel Naranjo Gómez & José Cabezas & Luis Fernández-Pozo, 2019. "The Influence of Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) in the Fostering of Entrepreneurship and Regional Development: A Step Closer to Achieve Major Structural Changes and Sustainable Cities Within European ," Studies on Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics, in: Luísa Cagica Carvalho & Conceição Rego & Maria Raquel Lucas & M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández & Adriana (ed.), New Paths of Entrepreneurship Development, pages 371-385, Springer.
    24. Reeder, Richard J. & Brown, Dennis M., 2005. "Recreation, Tourism, and Rural Well-Being," Economic Research Report 7220, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    25. Susan Snyman, 2013. "Household spending patterns and flow of ecotourism income into communities around Liwonde National Park, Malawi," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(4-5), pages 640-658, December.
    26. Evariste, Emmanuelle & Claquin, Pascal & Robin, Jean-Paul & Auber, Arnaud & McQuatters-Gollop, Abigail & Dauvin, Jean-Claude, 2016. "The Channel ecosystem, a cross-roads of anthropogenic pressures and scientific studies: Lessons learned from the European INTERREG IV projects (2009–2015)," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 158-165.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rui Alexandre Castanho & Gualter Couto & Pedro Pimentel & Célia Barreto Carvalho & Áurea Sousa, 2020. "Territorial Management and Governance, Regional Public Policies and their Relationship with Tourism. A Case Study of the Azores Autonomous Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Anna Odrowaz-Coates, 2021. "Definitions of Sustainability in the Context of Gender," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-12, June.
    3. Carol Kline & Lauren Duffy & E’Lisha Fogle & Dana Clark, 2022. "Crossover Paths for Peri-Urban Markets in Tourism Planning and Development: Mobility Motivations, Career Stage, Life Stage, and Desired Characteristics," Tourism and Hospitality, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Rui Alexandre Castanho & Gualter Couto & Pedro Pimentel & Áurea Sousa & Célia Carvalho & Maria da Graça Batista, 2020. "The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak on the Accommodation Selection of Azorean Tourists. A Study Based on the Assessment of the Azores Population’s Attitudes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-14, November.
    5. Anatolie CĂRBUNE, 2020. "BOOK REVIEW: Rui Alexandre Castanho, Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) Strategies for Sustainable Development, Hershey, PA: IGI Global Abstract: Cross Border Cooperation (CBC) is one of the European Unio," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 11, pages 233-237, November.
    6. Nora Zulvianti & Hasdi Aimon & Abror Abror, 2022. "The Influence of Environmental and Non-Environmental Factors on Tourist Satisfaction in Halal Tourism Destinations in West Sumatra, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-17, July.
    7. Gualter Couto & Rui Alexandre Castanho & Pedro Pimentel & Célia Carvalho & Áurea Sousa & Carlos Santos, 2020. "The Impacts of COVID-19 Crisis over the Tourism Expectations of the Azores Archipelago Residents," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-14, September.
    8. Gualter Couto & Rui Alexandre Castanho & Carlos Santos & Pedro Pimentel & Áurea Sousa & Sandra Faria & Maria da Graça Batista, 2021. "Guidelines for Tourism Sustainability in Ultra-Peripheral Territories: A Research Based on the Azores Region’s Touristic Companies’ Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-15, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rui Alexandre Castanho & Gualter Couto & Áurea Sousa & Pedro Pimentel & Maria da Graça Batista, 2021. "Assessing the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic over the Azores Region’s Touristic Companies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-14, August.
    2. Carlos Santos & Gualter Couto & Isabel Soares de Albergaria & Leonor Sampaio da Silva & Pilar Damião Medeiros & Rosa Maria Neves Simas & Rui Alexandre Castanho, 2022. "Analyzing Pilot Projects of Creative Tourism in an Ultra-Peripheral Region: Which Guidelines Can Be Extracted for Sustainable Regional Development?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-23, October.
    3. Jiangbin Yin & Xiaoyan Huang & Yunyun Dong & Min Zhao & Weibao Tan, 2021. "Dual‐level impact of regional context and individual attributes on entrepreneurship among return migrants in China," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(2), pages 1099-1116, June.
    4. Rui Alexandre Castanho & Carlos Santos & Gualter Couto, 2023. "Creative Tourism in Islands and Regional Sustainable Development: What Can We Learn from the Pilot Projects Implemented in the Azores Territory?," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-14, February.
    5. Rui Alexandre Castanho, 2019. "Identifying Processes of Smart Planning, Governance and Management in European Border Cities. Learning from City-to-City Cooperation (C2C)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-15, October.
    6. Mahé, Clothilde, 2016. "Skills and entrepreneurship: Are return migrants 'Jacks-of-all-trades'?," MERIT Working Papers 2016-071, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    7. Bertoli, Simone & Marchetta, Francesca, 2015. "Bringing It All Back Home – Return Migration and Fertility Choices," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 27-40.
    8. El-Mallakh, Nelly & Wahba, Jackline, 2021. "Upward or downward: Occupational mobility and return migration," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    9. Naudé, Wim & Siegel, Melissa & Marchand, Katrin, 2015. "Migration, Entrepreneurship and Development: A Critical Review," IZA Discussion Papers 9284, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    10. Khaled Sultan Alhosani & Kamarul Bahari Yaakub, 2021. "The Relationship Between Total Quality Management Practices and Secondary School Performance with Mediating Effect of Organizational Culture in Abu Dhabi: Structural Equation Modeling Approach," European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Articles, Revistia Research and Publishing, vol. 6, July -Dec.
    11. Le Yu & Zhigang Li & Da Liu, 2024. "Return-Migrant Urbanisation in Inland China: The Case of Hubei Province," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, February.
    12. Wim Naudé & Melissa Siegel & Katrin Marchand, 2017. "Migration, entrepreneurship and development: critical questions," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 6(1), pages 1-16, December.
    13. Alain Kikandi Kiuma & Abdelkrim Araar & Christian Kamala Kaghoma, 2020. "Internal migration and youth entrepreneurship in the Democratic Republic of the Congo," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(3), pages 790-814, August.
    14. José Manuel Jurado-Almonte & Francisco José Pazos-García & Rui Alexandre Castanho, 2020. "Eurocities of the Iberian Borderland: A Second Generation of Border Cooperation Structures. An Analysis of Their Development Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-21, August.
    15. Hirvonen, Kalle & Lilleør, Helene Bie, 2015. "Going Back Home: Internal Return Migration in Rural Tanzania," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 186-202.
    16. Brück, Tilman & Mahe, Clotilde & Naudé, Wim, 2018. "Return Migration and Self-Employment: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan," IZA Discussion Papers 11332, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    17. Mahe, Clotilde, 2017. "Occupational choice of return migrants: Is there a 'Jack-of-all-trades' effect?," MERIT Working Papers 2017-039, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    18. Raluca Mariana Grosu & Elena Ecaterina Nicolae, 2015. "Best practices in the field of returnee entrepreneurship," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 17(39), pages 799-799, May.
    19. Gislain Stéphane GANDJON FANKEM & Dieudonné TAKA & Sévérin TAMWO, 2023. "The effects of new skills acquired abroad by return migrants on social relations and quality of life in Cameroon," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 58, pages 21-49.
    20. Ajzenman, Nicolás & Aksoy, Cevat Giray & Guriev, Sergei, 2022. "Exposure to transit migration: Public attitudes and entrepreneurship," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:22:p:6468-:d:287939. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.