IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jrisks/v10y2022i3p46-d756147.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

How Do Financial Distress Risk and Related Party Transactions Affect Financial Reporting Quality? Empirical Evidence from Iran

Author

Listed:
  • Hossein Tarighi

    (Department of Accounting, Attar Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad 9177939579, Iran)

  • Zeynab Nourbakhsh Hosseiny

    (Department of Accounting, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran 9188753178, Iran)

  • Mohammad Reza Abbaszadeh

    (Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad 9177948974, Iran)

  • Grzegorz Zimon

    (Department of Finance, Banking, and Accountancy, The Faculty of Management, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Darya Haghighat

    (Department of Accounting, Islamic Azad University Kish International Branch, Kish 7941775883, Iran)

Abstract

The paper aims to investigate the effects of financial distress risk (FDR) and related party transactions (RPT) on financial reporting quality (FRQ) in an emerging market called Iran. In this study, the ordinary least squares regression (OLS) method is employed to test the hypotheses; moreover, Jones’ discretionary accruals model is used to assess the financial reporting quality (FRQ). The results show financially distressed companies have a lower financial reporting quality because they try to mislead other stakeholders about the corporate actual performance to attract more investors and lenders. Consistent with the “tunneling” or “conflict of interests transaction” assumption, our findings confirm there is a positive association between related party transactions through loan and accrual-based profit management. In other words, Iranian managers participate in loan-related party transactions to expropriate their firm’s resources and then manipulate financial statements to mask such expropriation. Finally, additional analysis indicates that financial reporting quality is seen well among firms having higher sale growth and more institutional owners, whereas the variables of ROA and financial leverage negatively affect financial information quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Hossein Tarighi & Zeynab Nourbakhsh Hosseiny & Mohammad Reza Abbaszadeh & Grzegorz Zimon & Darya Haghighat, 2022. "How Do Financial Distress Risk and Related Party Transactions Affect Financial Reporting Quality? Empirical Evidence from Iran," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-23, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:10:y:2022:i:3:p:46-:d:756147
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/10/3/46/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/10/3/46/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. repec:cup:cbooks:9781108422536 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Brooks,Chris, 2008. "RATS Handbook to Accompany Introductory Econometrics for Finance," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521896955.
    3. Yuan Ding & Hua Zhang & Junxi Zhang, 2007. "Private vs State Ownership and Earnings Management: evidence from Chinese listed companies," Corporate Governance: An International Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(2), pages 223-238, March.
    4. Edward I. Altman, 1968. "The Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy: A Discriminant Analysis," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(1), pages 193-194, March.
    5. Linvani Kuan & Greg Tower & Rusmin Rusmin & J-L.W. Mitchell Van der Zahn, 2010. "Related Party Transactions And Earnings Management," Jurnal Akuntansi dan Auditing Indonesia, Accounting Department, Faculty of Business and Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia, vol. 14(2), pages 115-193, Desember.
    6. Djankov, Simeon & La Porta, Rafael & Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio & Shleifer, Andrei, 2008. "The law and economics of self-dealing," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(3), pages 430-465, June.
    7. Campello, Murillo & Graham, John R. & Harvey, Campbell R., 2010. "The real effects of financial constraints: Evidence from a financial crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(3), pages 470-487, September.
    8. Andrew Bell & Malcolm Fairbrother & Kelvyn Jones, 2019. "Fixed and random effects models: making an informed choice," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(2), pages 1051-1074, March.
    9. Iatridis, George & Kadorinis, George, 2009. "Earnings management and firm financial motives: A financial investigation of UK listed firms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 164-173, September.
    10. Chang, Sea Jin & Choi, Unghwan, 1988. "Strategy, Structure and Performance of Korean Business Groups: A Transactions Cost Approach," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(2), pages 141-158, December.
    11. Panayiotis C. Andreou & Christodoulos Louca & Andreas P. Petrou, 2017. "CEO Age and Stock Price Crash Risk," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 21(3), pages 1287-1325.
    12. Elisabetta Raguseo & Claudio Vitari & Federico Pigni, 2020. "Profiting from big data analytics: The moderating roles of industry concentration and firm size," Post-Print hal-03032504, HAL.
    13. Grzegorz Zimon & Dominik Zimon, 2020. "Quality Management Systems and Working Capital SMEs in GPO—A Case of Poland," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-13, October.
    14. Michele Pizzo, 2013. "Related party transactions under a contingency perspective," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 17(2), pages 309-330, May.
    15. S. P. Kothari & Susan Shu & Peter D. Wysocki, 2009. "Do Managers Withhold Bad News?," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(1), pages 241-276, March.
    16. Gady Jacoby & Jialong Li & Mingzhi Liu, 2019. "Financial distress, political affiliation and earnings management: the case of politically affiliated private firms," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(6), pages 508-523, April.
    17. Elisabetta Raguseo & Claudio Vitari & Federico Pigni, 2020. "Profiting from big data analytics: The moderating roles of industry concentration and firm size," Post-Print hal-03511355, HAL.
    18. Lu Zhang & Chen Xue & Frederico Belo, 2012. "Accounting for Value," 2012 Meeting Papers 1128, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    19. David Burgstahler & Michael Eames, 2006. "Management of Earnings and Analysts' Forecasts to Achieve Zero and Small Positive Earnings Surprises," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(5-6), pages 633-652.
    20. Andreou, Christoforos K. & Andreou, Panayiotis C. & Lambertides, Neophytos, 2021. "Financial distress risk and stock price crashes," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    21. Lázaro Rodriguez-Ariza & Jennifer Martínez-Ferrero & Manuel Bermejo-Sánchez, 2016. "Consequences of earnings management for corporate reputation," Accounting Research Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 29(4), pages 457-474, November.
    22. Edward I. Altman, 1968. "Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis And The Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(4), pages 589-609, September.
    23. Ofuan. J. Ilaboya & Izien. F. Ohiokha, 2016. "Firm Age, Size and Profitability Dynamics: A Test of Learning by Doing and Structural Inertia Hypotheses," Business and Management Research, Business and Management Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 5(1), pages 29-39, March.
    24. Zmijewski, Me, 1984. "Methodological Issues Related To The Estimation Of Financial Distress Prediction Models," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22, pages 59-82.
    25. Linvani Kuan & Greg Tower & Rusmin Rusmin & J-L.W. Mitchell Van der Zahn, 2010. "Related Party Transactions and Earnings Management," Jurnal Akuntansi dan Auditing Indonesia, Accounting Department, Faculty of Business and Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia, vol. 14(2).
    26. Brooks,Chris, 2019. "Introductory Econometrics for Finance," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781108436823.
    27. David Burgstahler & Michael Eames, 2006. "Management of Earnings and Analysts' Forecasts to Achieve Zero and Small Positive Earnings Surprises," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(5‐6), pages 633-652, June.
    28. Elisabetta Raguseo & Claudio Vitari & Federico Pigni, 2020. "Profiting from big data analytics: The moderating roles of industry concentration and firm size," Post-Print hal-03511381, HAL.
    29. DeAngelo, Harry & DeAngelo, Linda & Skinner, Douglas J., 1994. "Accounting choice in troubled companies," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(1-2), pages 113-143, January.
    30. Raguseo, Elisabetta & Vitari, Claudio & Pigni, Federico, 2020. "Profiting from big data analytics: The moderating roles of industry concentration and firm size," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    31. Peng, Winnie Qian & Wei, K.C. John & Yang, Zhishu, 2011. "Tunneling or propping: Evidence from connected transactions in China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 306-325, April.
    32. Christopher F Baum & Mark E Schaffer, 2013. "A general approach to testing for autocorrelation," United Kingdom Stata Users' Group Meetings 2013 13, Stata Users Group.
    33. Campa, Domenico & Camacho-Miñano, María-del-Mar, 2015. "The impact of SME’s pre-bankruptcy financial distress on earnings management tools," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 222-234.
    34. Murillo Campello & Long Chen, 2010. "Are Financial Constraints Priced? Evidence from Firm Fundamentals and Stock Returns," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 42(6), pages 1185-1198, September.
    35. Elisabetta Raguseo & Claudio Vitari & Federico Pigni, 2020. "Profiting from big data analytics: The moderating roles of industry concentration and firm size," Grenoble Ecole de Management (Post-Print) hal-03032504, HAL.
    36. Sreedhar T. Bharath & Tyler Shumway, 2008. "Forecasting Default with the Merton Distance to Default Model," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 21(3), pages 1339-1369, May.
    37. Murillo Campello & Long Chen, 2010. "Are Financial Constraints Priced? Evidence from Firm Fundamentals and Stock Returns," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 42(6), pages 1185-1198, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ashraf, Sumaira & Félix, Elisabete G.S. & Serrasqueiro, Zélia, 2020. "Development and testing of an augmented distress prediction model: A comparative study on a developed and an emerging market," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 57.
    2. Jun Hyeok Choi & Saerona Kim & Dong-Hoon Yang & Kwanghee Cho, 2021. "Can Corporate Social Responsibility Decrease the Negative Influence of Financial Distress on Accounting Quality?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-19, October.
    3. Ahsan Habib & Mabel D' Costa & Hedy Jiaying Huang & Md. Borhan Uddin Bhuiyan & Li Sun, 2020. "Determinants and consequences of financial distress: review of the empirical literature," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 60(S1), pages 1023-1075, April.
    4. Serrano-Cinca, Carlos & Gutiérrez-Nieto, Begoña & Bernate-Valbuena, Martha, 2019. "The use of accounting anomalies indicators to predict business failure," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 353-375.
    5. Grzegorz Zimon & Andrea Appolloni & Hossein Tarighi & Seyedmohammadali Shahmohammadi & Ebrahim Daneshpou, 2021. "Earnings Management, Related Party Transactions and Corporate Performance: The Moderating Role of Internal Control," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-26, August.
    6. Andreou, Christoforos K. & Lambertides, Neophytos & Panayides, Photis M., 2021. "Distress risk anomaly and misvaluation," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 53(5).
    7. Abdul-Hamid, Asma-Qamaliah & Ali, Mohd Helmi & Osman, Lokhman Hakim & Tseng, Ming-Lang & Lim, Ming K., 2022. "Industry 4.0 quasi-effect between circular economy and sustainability: Palm oil industry," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    8. Saeed, Abubakr & Riaz, Hammad & Baloch, Muhammad Saad, 2022. "Does big data utilization improve firm legitimacy?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    9. Min-Rui Choo & Chih-Wei Wang & Chi Yin & Jie-Lun Li, 2021. "Managerial Ability and External Financing," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 28(2), pages 207-241, June.
    10. May, Anthony D., 2014. "Corporate liquidity and the contingent nature of bank credit lines: Evidence on the costs and consequences of bank default," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 410-429.
    11. Chowdhury, Hasibul & Hodgson, Allan & Pathan, Shams, 2020. "Do external labour market incentives constrain bad news hoarding? The CEO's industry tournament and crash risk reduction," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    12. Jeffrey Pittman & Yuping Zhao, 2020. "Debt Covenant Restriction, Financial Misreporting, and Auditor Monitoring," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 2145-2185, December.
    13. Ponta, Linda & Puliga, Gloria & Manzini, Raffaella & Cincotti, Silvano, 2022. "Sustainability-oriented innovation and co-patenting role in agri-food sector: Empirical analysis with patents," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    14. Oleksandr Melnychenko, 2020. "Is Artificial Intelligence Ready to Assess an Enterprise’s Financial Security?," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-19, August.
    15. Bodendorf, Frank & Xie, Qiao & Merkl, Philipp & Franke, Jörg, 2022. "A multi-perspective approach to support collaborative cost management in supplier-buyer dyads," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    16. Inder K. Khurana & Changjiang Wang, 2015. "Debt Maturity Structure and Accounting Conservatism," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(1-2), pages 167-203, January.
    17. Andrikopoulos, Panagiotis & Khorasgani, Amir, 2018. "Predicting unlisted SMEs' default: Incorporating market information on accounting-based models for improved accuracy," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 50(5), pages 559-573.
    18. Pavol Durana & Lucia Michalkova & Andrej Privara & Josef Marousek & Milos Tumpach, 2021. "Does the life cycle affect earnings management and bankruptcy?," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 12(2), pages 425-461, June.
    19. Lin, Tse-Chun & Liu, Jinyu & Ni, Xiaoran, 2022. "Foreign bank entry deregulation and stock market stability: Evidence from staggered regulatory changes," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 185-207.
    20. Meles, Antonio & Salerno, Dario & Sampagnaro, Gabriele & Verdoliva, Vincenzo & Zhang, Jianing, 2023. "The influence of green innovation on default risk: Evidence from Europe," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 692-710.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:10:y:2022:i:3:p:46-:d:756147. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.