IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v9y2021i6p638-d518846.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Transfer of Risk in Supply Chain Management with Joint Pricing and Inventory Decision Considering Shortages

Author

Listed:
  • Irfanullah Khan

    (Department of Industrial & Management Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Biswajit Sarkar

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

This study is the first to consider a distribution-free approach in a newsvendor model with a transfer of risk and back-ordering. Previously, in many articles, discrete demand is considered. In this model, we consider a newsvendor selling a single seasonal item with price-dependent stochastic demand. Competition in markets has forced the retailer and manufacturer to coordinate in decentralized supply chain management. A coordination contract is made between a retailer and manufacturer to overcome the randomness of demand for a short-life-cycle product. The retailer pays an additional amount per product to transfer the risk of unsold items. The manufacturer bears the cost of unsold products from the retailer. Shortages are allowed with back-ordering costs during the season. The distribution-free model is developed and solved with only available demand data of mean and standard deviation. Stackelberg’s game approach is used to calculate the optimal ordering quality and price. This model aims to maximize expected profit by optimizing unit selling price and ordered quantity through coordination. To illustrate that the model is robust, numerical experiment and sensitivity analyses are conducted for both decentralized and centralized supply chain management. For applicability of the model in the real-world business scenario, managerial insights are provided with sensitivity analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Irfanullah Khan & Biswajit Sarkar, 2021. "Transfer of Risk in Supply Chain Management with Joint Pricing and Inventory Decision Considering Shortages," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:6:p:638-:d:518846
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/6/638/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/6/638/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vincent Hovelaque & Jean-Laurent Viviani & Mohamed Ait Mansour, 2022. "Trade and bank credit in a non-cooperative chain with a price-sensitive demand," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 60(5), pages 1553-1568, March.
    2. Jörnsten, Kurt & Lise Nonås, Sigrid & Sandal, Leif & Ubøe, Jan, 2012. "Transfer of risk in the newsvendor model with discrete demand," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 404-414.
    3. Khouja, Moutaz, 1999. "The single-period (news-vendor) problem: literature review and suggestions for future research," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 27(5), pages 537-553, October.
    4. Afshar-Nadjafi, Behrouz, 2016. "The influence of sale announcement on the optimal policy of an inventory system with perishable items," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 239-245.
    5. Andersson, Jonas & Jörnsten, Kurt & Nonås, Sigrid Lise & Sandal, Leif & Ubøe, Jan, 2013. "A maximum entropy approach to the newsvendor problem with partial information," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 228(1), pages 190-200.
    6. He, Xiuli & Khouja, Moutaz, 2011. "Pareto analysis of supply chain contracts under satisficing objectives," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 214(1), pages 53-66, October.
    7. Donald B. Rosenfield, 1986. "Optimal Management of Tax-Sheltered Employee Reimbursement Programs," Interfaces, INFORMS, vol. 16(3), pages 68-72, June.
    8. Biswajit Sarkar & Bikash Koli Dey & Mitali Sarkar & Ali AlArjani, 2021. "A Sustainable Online-to-Offline (O2O) Retailing Strategy for a Supply Chain Management under Controllable Lead Time and Variable Demand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-26, February.
    9. Nicholas C. Petruzzi & Maqbool Dada, 1999. "Pricing and the Newsvendor Problem: A Review with Extensions," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 47(2), pages 183-194, April.
    10. Ji Seong Noh & Jong Soo Kim & Biswajit Sarkar, 2019. "Stochastic joint replenishment problem with quantity discounts and minimum order constraints," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 151-178, March.
    11. Ghosh, Debabrata & Shah, Janat, 2012. "A comparative analysis of greening policies across supply chain structures," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(2), pages 568-583.
    12. Louis Eeckhoudt & Christian Gollier & Harris Schlesinger, 1995. "The Risk-Averse (and Prudent) Newsboy," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 41(5), pages 786-794, May.
    13. V. Pando & L. San-José & J. García-Laguna & J. Sicilia, 2014. "Some general properties for the newsboy problem with an extraordinary order," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 22(2), pages 674-693, July.
    14. Olbrich, Rainer & Jansen, Hans Christian & Hundt, Michael, 2017. "Effects of pricing strategies and product quality on private label and national brand performance," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 294-301.
    15. Dai, Jiansheng & Meng, Weidong, 2015. "A risk-averse newsvendor model under marketing-dependency and price-dependency," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 220-229.
    16. Fan, Yinghua & Feng, Yi & Shou, Yongyi, 2020. "A risk-averse and buyer-led supply chain under option contract: CVaR minimization and channel coordination," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 66-81.
    17. Jörnsten, Kurt & Lise Nonås, Sigrid & Sandal, Leif & Ubøe, Jan, 2013. "Mixed contracts for the newsvendor problem with real options and discrete demand," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 41(5), pages 809-819.
    18. He, Haonan & Wang, Shanyong, 2019. "Cost-benefit associations in consumer inventory problem with uncertain benefit," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 271-284.
    19. Liao, Yi & Banerjee, Avijit & Yan, Changyuan, 2011. "A distribution-free newsvendor model with balking and lost sales penalty," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(1), pages 224-227, September.
    20. Brojeswar Pal & Shib Sankar Sana & Kripasindhu Chaudhuri, 2015. "A distribution-free newsvendor problem with nonlinear holding cost," International Journal of Systems Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(7), pages 1269-1277, May.
    21. Lijun Ma & Weili Xue & Yingxue Zhao & Qinghua Zeng, 2016. "Loss-averse newsvendor problem with supply risk," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 67(2), pages 214-228, February.
    22. Wu, Chengfeng & Liu, Xin & Li, Annan, 2021. "A loss-averse retailer–supplier supply chain model under trade credit in a supplier-Stackelberg game," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 353-365.
    23. Biswajit Sarkar & Chong Zhang & Arunava Majumder & Mitali Sarkar & Yong Won Seo, 2018. "A distribution free newsvendor model with consignment policy and retailer’s royalty reduction," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(15), pages 5025-5044, August.
    24. Ilkyeong Moon & Dong Kyoon Yoo & Subrata Saha, 2016. "The Distribution-Free Newsboy Problem with Multiple Discounts and Upgrades," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2016, pages 1-11, August.
    25. Lee, Hwansik & Lodree Jr., Emmett J., 2010. "Modeling customer impatience in a newsboy problem with time-sensitive shortages," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 205(3), pages 595-603, September.
    26. Pando, Valentín & San-José, Luis A. & García-Laguna, Juan & Sicilia, Joaquín, 2013. "A newsboy problem with an emergency order under a general backorder rate function," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 1020-1028.
    27. Taleizadeh, Ata Allah & Shokr, Iman & Konstantaras, Ioannis & VafaeiNejad, Mahyar, 2020. "Stock replenishment policies for a vendor-managed inventory in a retailing system," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    28. Jörnsten, Kurt & Nonås, Sigrid Lise & Sandal, Leif K. & Ubøe, Jan, 2011. "Mixed contracts for the newsvendor problem with real options," Discussion Papers 2011/6, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    29. Lodree, Emmett Jr., 2007. "Advanced supply chain planning with mixtures of backorders, lost sales, and lost contract," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 181(1), pages 168-183, August.
    30. Xu, Xinsheng & Wang, Hongwei & Dang, Chuangyin & Ji, Ping, 2017. "The loss-averse newsvendor model with backordering," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 1-10.
    31. Kwon, Kysang & Cheong, Taesu, 2014. "A minimax distribution-free procedure for a newsvendor problem with free shipping," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 232(1), pages 234-240.
    32. Lee, Chih-Ming & Hsu, Shu-Lu, 2011. "The effect of advertising on the distribution-free newsboy problem," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(1), pages 217-224, January.
    33. Irfanullah Khan & Jihed Jemai & Han Lim & Biswajit Sarkar, 2019. "Effect of Electrical Energy on the Manufacturing Setup Cost Reduction, Transportation Discounts, and Process Quality Improvement in a Two-Echelon Supply Chain Management under a Service-Level Constrai," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-32, September.
    34. Sana, Shib Sankar, 2020. "Price competition between green and non green products under corporate social responsible firm," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Fakhrabadi, Mahnaz & Sandal, Leif K., 2023. "A Subgame Perfect Approach to a Multi-Period Stackelberg Game with Dynamic, Price-Dependent, Distributional-Robust Demand," Discussion Papers 2023/4, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    2. Vitor Anes & António Abreu & Ana Dias & João Calado, 2022. "A Reputational-Risk-Based Match Selection Framework for Collaborative Networks in the Logistics Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-24, April.
    3. Mittal, Mandeep & Sarkar, Biswajit, 2023. "Stochastic behavior of exchange rate on an international supply chain under random energy price," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 232-250.
    4. Khwanchol Kampan & Takuji W. Tsusaka & Anil Kumar Anal, 2022. "Adoption of Blockchain Technology for Enhanced Traceability of Livestock-Based Products," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-16, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bai, Qingguo & Xu, Jianteng & Gong, Yeming & Chauhan, Satyaveer S., 2022. "Robust decisions for regulated sustainable manufacturing with partial demand information: Mandatory emission capacity versus emission tax," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 298(3), pages 874-893.
    2. Wang, Daao & Dimitrov, Stanko & Jian, Lirong, 2020. "Optimal inventory decisions for a risk-averse retailer when offering layaway," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 284(1), pages 108-120.
    3. Raza, Syed Asif & Rathinam, Sivakumar, 2017. "A risk tolerance analysis for a joint price differentiation and inventory decisions problem with demand leakage effect," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 183(PA), pages 129-145.
    4. Mehran Ullah & Irfanullah Khan & Biswajit Sarkar, 2019. "Dynamic Pricing in a Multi-Period Newsvendor Under Stochastic Price-Dependent Demand," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 7(6), pages 1-15, June.
    5. V. Pando & L. San-José & J. García-Laguna & J. Sicilia, 2014. "Some general properties for the newsboy problem with an extraordinary order," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 22(2), pages 674-693, July.
    6. Li, Yanhai & Ou, Jinwen, 2020. "Optimal ordering policy for complementary components with partial backordering and emergency replenishment under spectral risk measure," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 284(2), pages 538-549.
    7. Dušan Hrabec & Kjetil K. Haugen & Pavel Popela, 2017. "The newsvendor problem with advertising: an overview with extensions," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 11(4), pages 767-787, October.
    8. Xiaoqing Liu & Felix T. S. Chan & Xinsheng Xu, 2019. "Hedging Risks in the Loss-Averse Newsvendor Problem with Backlogging," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-23, May.
    9. Vipin, B. & Amit, R.K., 2017. "Loss aversion and rationality in the newsvendor problem under recourse option," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 261(2), pages 563-571.
    10. Bai, Tian & Wu, Meng & Zhu, Stuart X., 2019. "Pricing and ordering by a loss averse newsvendor with reference dependence," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 343-365.
    11. Brito, Anderson J. & de Almeida, Adiel T., 2012. "Modeling a multi-attribute utility newsvendor with partial backlogging," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 220(3), pages 820-830.
    12. Xu, Minghui & Lu, Ye, 2013. "The effect of supply uncertainty in price-setting newsvendor models," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 227(3), pages 423-433.
    13. Qingguo Bai & Jianteng Xu & Yuzhong Zhang, 2022. "The distributionally robust optimization model for a remanufacturing system under cap-and-trade policy: a newsvendor approach," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 309(2), pages 731-760, February.
    14. Yongho Lee & Taesu Cheong, 2022. "Service Level Constrained Distribution-Free Newsvendor Problem with Balking Penalty," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(14), pages 1-14, July.
    15. Youkyung Won, 2016. "Dominance Relationship Among the Retailer’s Strategies Under the Semi-Stackelberg Newsvendor Situation with Quantity Discounts," Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research (APJOR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 33(02), pages 1-20, April.
    16. Liu, Congzheng & Letchford, Adam N. & Svetunkov, Ivan, 2022. "Newsvendor problems: An integrated method for estimation and optimisation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 300(2), pages 590-601.
    17. Guanghua Han & Xujin Pu & Bo Fan, 2017. "Sustainable Governance of Organic Food Production When Market Forecast Is Imprecise," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-20, June.
    18. Guo, Peijun & Ma, Xiuyan, 2014. "Newsvendor models for innovative products with one-shot decision theory," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 239(2), pages 523-536.
    19. Wentao Yi & Zhongwei Feng & Chunqiao Tan & Yuzhong Yang, 2021. "Green Supply Chain Management with Nash Bargaining Loss-Averse Reference Dependence," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(24), pages 1-26, December.
    20. Syed Asif Raza, 2022. "A bibliometric analysis of pricing models in supply chain," Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(2), pages 228-251, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:6:p:638-:d:518846. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.