IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v11y2023i10p2248-d1144294.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Systematic Review of Consensus Mechanisms in Blockchain

Author

Listed:
  • Sisi Zhou

    (School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
    Hunan Key Laboratory for Service Computing and Novel Software Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China)

  • Kuanching Li

    (School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
    Hunan Key Laboratory for Service Computing and Novel Software Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China)

  • Lijun Xiao

    (School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
    Hunan Key Laboratory for Service Computing and Novel Software Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China)

  • Jiahong Cai

    (School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
    Hunan Key Laboratory for Service Computing and Novel Software Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China)

  • Wei Liang

    (School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
    Hunan Key Laboratory for Service Computing and Novel Software Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China)

  • Arcangelo Castiglione

    (Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy)

Abstract

Since the birth of Bitcoin, blockchain has shifted from a critical cryptocurrency technology to an enabling technology. Due to its immutability and trustworthiness, blockchain has revolutionized many fields requiring credibility and high-quality data for decision making. Particularly in business intelligence and business process management, users can use blockchain to build their blockchain-enabled collaboration and data-sharing ecosystem with their partners. In this paper, we present the development process of blockchain and consensus mechanisms, where important blockchain consensus mechanisms are introduced. The consensus mechanism is the kernel among various blockchain components to ensure security and performance. Again, we present a comparison of these consensus mechanisms from different perspectives. We take the blockchain-enabling business as an example and analyze the relationship between blockchain and business process characteristics and the ideas and principles for selecting consensus mechanisms. Finally, we describe the differences and connections among many consensus mechanisms while laying a foundation for selecting appropriate consensus mechanisms for different scenarios and fields of application.

Suggested Citation

  • Sisi Zhou & Kuanching Li & Lijun Xiao & Jiahong Cai & Wei Liang & Arcangelo Castiglione, 2023. "A Systematic Review of Consensus Mechanisms in Blockchain," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-27, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:10:p:2248-:d:1144294
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/10/2248/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/10/2248/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yaçine Merrad & Mohamed Hadi Habaebi & Elfatih A. A. Elsheikh & Fakher Eldin. M. Suliman & Md Rafiqul Islam & Teddy Surya Gunawan & Mokhtaria Mesri, 2022. "Blockchain: Consensus Algorithm Key Performance Indicators, Trade-Offs, Current Trends, Common Drawbacks, and Novel Solution Proposals," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(15), pages 1-35, August.
    2. Tu, Zhiyong & Xue, Changyong, 2019. "Effect of bifurcation on the interaction between Bitcoin and Litecoin," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    3. Alexandre Dolgui & Dmitry Ivanov & Boris Sokolov, 2018. "Ripple effect in the supply chain: an analysis and recent literature," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(1-2), pages 414-430, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Casey Watters, 2023. "Digital Gold or Digital Security? Unravelling the Legal Fabric of Decentralised Digital Assets," Commodities, MDPI, vol. 2(4), pages 1-12, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Muhammad Rahies Khan & Amir Manzoor, 2021. "Application and Impact of New Technologies in the Supply Chain Management During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(2), pages 277-292.
    2. Dmitry Ivanov, 2022. "Viable supply chain model: integrating agility, resilience and sustainability perspectives—lessons from and thinking beyond the COVID-19 pandemic," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 319(1), pages 1411-1431, December.
    3. Aurelio F. Bariviera & Ignasi Merediz‐Solà, 2021. "Where Do We Stand In Cryptocurrencies Economic Research? A Survey Based On Hybrid Analysis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(2), pages 377-407, April.
    4. Arfaoui, Nadia & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Boubaker, Sabri & Mirza, Nawazish & Karim, Sitara, 2023. "Interdependence of clean energy and green markets with cryptocurrencies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    5. Yousaf, Imran & Jareño, Francisco & Tolentino, Marta, 2023. "Connectedness between Defi assets and equity markets during COVID-19: A sector analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    6. Antonio Zavala-Alcívar & María-José Verdecho & Juan-José Alfaro-Saiz, 2020. "A Conceptual Framework to Manage Resilience and Increase Sustainability in the Supply Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-38, August.
    7. Yi Zheng & Li Liu & Victor Shi & Wenxing Huang & Jianxiu Liao, 2022. "A Resilience Analysis of a Medical Mask Supply Chain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Simulation Modeling Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-21, June.
    8. Zuobin Ying & Wusong Lan & Chen Deng & Lu Liu & Ximeng Liu, 2023. "DVIT—A Decentralized Virtual Items Trading Forum with Reputation System," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-23, January.
    9. Maureen S. Golan & Laura H. Jernegan & Igor Linkov, 2020. "Trends and applications of resilience analytics in supply chain modeling: systematic literature review in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 40(2), pages 222-243, June.
    10. Weili Yin & Wenxue Ran, 2023. "Explaining Firm Performance During the COVID-19 With fsQCA: The Role of Supply Network Complexity, Inventory Turns, and Geographic Dispersion," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(2), pages 21582440231, June.
    11. Jaya Priyadarshini & Rajesh Kr Singh & Ruchi Mishra & Surajit Bag, 2022. "Investigating the interaction of factors for implementing additive manufacturing to build an antifragile supply chain: TISM-MICMAC approach," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 567-588, June.
    12. Wei Xu & Dong-Ping Song, 2022. "Integrated optimisation for production capacity, raw material ordering and production planning under time and quantity uncertainties based on two case studies," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 2343-2371, July.
    13. Hasan, Mohammad Maruf & Du, Fang, 2023. "The role of foreign trade and technology innovation on economic recovery in China: The mediating role of natural resources development," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    14. Ha, Le Thanh & Nham, Nguyen Thi Hong, 2022. "An application of a TVP-VAR extended joint connected approach to explore connectedness between WTI crude oil, gold, stock and cryptocurrencies during the COVID-19 health crisis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    15. Guo, Yan & Yu, Xinning & Zhou, Caifeng & Lyu, Gaoyan, 2021. "Government subsidies for preventing supply disruption when the supplier has an outside option under competition," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    16. Canan Kocabasoglu‐Hillmer & Sinéad Roden & Evelyne Vanpoucke & Byung‐Gak Son & Marianne W. Lewis, 2023. "Radical innovations as supply chain disruptions? A paradox between change and stability," Journal of Supply Chain Management, Institute for Supply Management, vol. 59(3), pages 3-19, July.
    17. Kahr, Michael, 2022. "Determining locations and layouts for parcel lockers to support supply chain viability at the last mile," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    18. Gennady Ougolnitsky & Olga Gorbaneva, 2022. "Sustainable Management in Active Networks," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(16), pages 1-22, August.
    19. Iftikhar, Anas & Purvis, Laura & Giannoccaro, Ilaria, 2021. "A meta-analytical review of antecedents and outcomes of firm resilience," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 408-425.
    20. Seyedmohsen Hosseini & Dmitry Ivanov, 2022. "A new resilience measure for supply networks with the ripple effect considerations: a Bayesian network approach," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 319(1), pages 581-607, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:10:p:2248-:d:1144294. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.