IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i23p7124-d1291530.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Climate Change, Extreme Weather, and Intimate Partner Violence in East African Agrarian-Based Economies

Author

Listed:
  • Leso Munala

    (Public Health Department, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA)

  • Elizabeth M. Allen

    (Public Health Department, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA)

  • Andrew J. Frederick

    (Public Health Department, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA)

  • Anne Ngũnjiri

    (LVCT Health, Nairobi P.O. Box 19835-00202, Kenya)

Abstract

Severe weather events can be a catalyst for intimate partner violence, particularly in agricultural settings. This research explores the association between weather and violence in parts of East Africa that rely on subsistence farming. We used IPUMS-DHS data from Uganda in 2006, Zimbabwe in 2010, and Mozambique in 2011 for intimate partner violence frequency and EM-DAT data to identify weather events by region in the year of and year prior to IPUMS-DHS data collection. This work is grounded in a conceptual framework that illustrates the mechanisms through which violence increases. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of reporting violence in regions with severe weather events. The odds of reporting violence were 25% greater in regions with severe weather compared to regions without in Uganda (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11–1.41), 38% greater in Zimbabwe (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13–1.70), and 91% greater in Mozambique (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.64–2.23). Our results add to the growing body of evidence showing that extreme weather can increase women’s and girls’ vulnerability to violence. Moreover, this analysis demonstrates that climate justice and intimate partner violence must be addressed together.

Suggested Citation

  • Leso Munala & Elizabeth M. Allen & Andrew J. Frederick & Anne Ngũnjiri, 2023. "Climate Change, Extreme Weather, and Intimate Partner Violence in East African Agrarian-Based Economies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(23), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:23:p:7124-:d:1291530
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/23/7124/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/23/7124/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Boyle, Michael H. & Georgiades, Katholiki & Cullen, John & Racine, Yvonne, 2009. "Community influences on intimate partner violence in India: Women's education, attitudes towards mistreatment and standards of living," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(5), pages 691-697, September.
    2. Elizabeth M. Allen & Leso Munala & Julie R. Henderson, 2021. "Kenyan Women Bearing the Cost of Climate Change," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Sara Cools & Martin Flatø & Andreas Kotsadam, 2020. "Rainfall shocks and intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 57(3), pages 377-390, May.
    4. Susan D. Clayton & Panu Pihkala & Britt Wray & Elizabeth Marks, 2023. "Psychological and Emotional Responses to Climate Change among Young People Worldwide: Differences Associated with Gender, Age, and Country," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-12, February.
    5. Adrienne Epstein & Eran Bendavid & Denis Nash & Edwin D Charlebois & Sheri D Weiser, 2020. "Drought and intimate partner violence towards women in 19 countries in sub-Saharan Africa during 2011-2018: A population-based study," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(3), pages 1-17, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Díaz, Juan-José & Saldarriaga, Victor, 2023. "A drop of love? Rainfall shocks and spousal abuse: Evidence from rural Peru," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    2. Linda Theron & Motlalepule Ruth Mampane & Liesel Ebersöhn & Angie Hart, 2020. "Youth Resilience to Drought: Learning from a Group of South African Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, October.
    3. Anders Kjelsrud & Kristin Vikan Sjurgard, 2022. "Public Work and Private Violence," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 58(9), pages 1791-1806, September.
    4. Tobias Ide & Marisa O. Ensor & Virginie Le Masson & Susanne Kozak, 2021. "Gender in the Climate-Conflict Nexus: “Forgotten” Variables, Alternative Securities, and Hidden Power Dimensions," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(4), pages 43-52.
    5. Mary, Sebastien, 2022. "Dams mitigate the effect of rainfall shocks on Hindus-Muslims riots," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    6. Clark, Cari Jo & Ferguson, Gemma & Shrestha, Binita & Shrestha, Prabin Nanicha & Oakes, J. Michael & Gupta, Jhumka & McGhee, Susi & Cheong, Yuk Fai & Yount, Kathryn M., 2018. "Social norms and women's risk of intimate partner violence in Nepal," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 162-169.
    7. Husen Maru & Amare Haileslassie & Tesfaye Zeleke & Befikadu Esayas, 2021. "Analysis of Smallholders’ Livelihood Vulnerability to Drought across Agroecology and Farm Typology in the Upper Awash Sub-Basin, Ethiopia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-28, August.
    8. Gonca Kurt & Recep Akdur, 2024. "Under What Conditions Does Climate Change Worry Contribute to Climate Action in Turkey: What Moderates This Relationship?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-18, March.
    9. Sarah Deschênes & Rozenn Hotte, 2019. "Assessing the Effects of an Education Policy on Women's Well-being: Evidence from Benin," Working Papers halshs-02179704, HAL.
    10. Bethuel Sibongiseni Ngcamu & Felix Chari, 2020. "Drought Influences on Food Insecurity in Africa: A Systematic Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-17, August.
    11. Algur, Kisan Dilip & Patel, Surendra Kumar & Chauhan, Shekhar, 2021. "The impact of drought on the health and livelihoods of women and children in India: A systematic review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    12. Walker, Elaine M., 2015. "Evaluation considerations for community-based gender-informed health interventions," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 4-7.
    13. Tomohiro Tasaki & Hide-Fumi Yokoo & Ryo Tajima & Rintaro Yamaguchi, 2023. "Characteristics That Influence Individuals’ Intentions to Use and Bequeath Common Assets: Time-Perspective Scales and Demographic Attributes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-15, October.
    14. Arthur Lewbel & Krishna Pendakur, 2022. "Inefficient Collective Households: Cooperation and Consumption," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 132(645), pages 1882-1893.
    15. Yaqing Gao & Yinping Wang & Xiaoyi Mi & Mo Zhou & Siyu Zou & Hong Zhou, 2021. "Intimate Partner Violence against Women Living in Inadequate Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Meta-Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-12, September.
    16. Lloyd Chigusiwa & George Kembo & Terrence Kairiza, 2023. "Drought and social conflict in rural Zimbabwe: Does the burden fall on women and girls?," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(1), pages 178-197, February.
    17. VanderEnde, Kristin E. & Yount, Kathryn M. & Dynes, Michelle M. & Sibley, Lynn M., 2012. "Community-level correlates of intimate partner violence against women globally: A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(7), pages 1143-1155.
    18. Shatanjaya Dasgupta, 2019. "Attitudes About Wife-Beating and Incidence of Domestic Violence in India: An Instrumental Variables Analysis," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 40(4), pages 647-657, December.
    19. Allison Shwachman Kaminaga & Hannah Sheldon, 2022. "Help or harm? The impact of property titling on women's acceptance of intimate partner violence," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(6), pages 1197-1212, August.
    20. Muzyamba, Choolwe, 2022. "Community Mobilization as a tool against sexual and gender-based violence in SADC region," MERIT Working Papers 2022-036, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:23:p:7124-:d:1291530. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.