IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i14p8227-d856548.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Stigma: The Perceptions of Tuberculosis in Equatorial Guinea

Author

Listed:
  • Marta Vericat-Ferrer

    (Máster en Epidemiología, Dpto. Medicina Preventiva y S.P. y Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Alba Ayala

    (Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Policarpo Ncogo

    (Fundación Estatal, Salud, Infancia y Bienestar Social (FCSAI), 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Juan Eyene-Acuresila

    (Ministerio de Salud y Bienestar Social, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea)

  • Belén García

    (Fundación Estatal, Salud, Infancia y Bienestar Social (FCSAI), 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Agustín Benito

    (Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • María Romay-Barja

    (Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Tuberculosis remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Equatorial Guinea, with an estimated incidence of 280 per 100,000 inhabitants, an estimated mortality rate of 96 per 100,000 inhabitants, and a treatment non-adherence rate of 21.4%. This study aimed to identify the factors associated to TB-related knowledge, attitudes, and stigma in order to design community intervention strategies that could improve TB diagnostic and treatment adherence in Equatorial Guinea. A nationwide cross-sectional survey of 770 household caregivers was conducted in Equatorial Guinea about TB knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Knowledge, attitude, and stigma scores were calculated through correct answers and the median was used as cut-off. Associated factors were analyzed calculating prevalence ratio (PR) and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) through Poisson regression with robust variance. The percentage of women was 53.0% and median age was 46 years (IQR: 33–60). The percentage of caregivers with high TB related knowledge was 34.9%, with a bad attitude (52.5%) and low stigma (40.4%). A greater probability of having good knowledge was observed in those 45 years old or less (PR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.6), those with higher education level (PR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.8) and higher wealth (PR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–2.0), while sex (PR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6–0.9), religion (PR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–1.8), and good knowledge (PR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.7) were associated with good attitudes. Wage employment (PR = 95% CI: 1.2–1.4), feeling well informed (PR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6–0.8), having good TB knowledge (PR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.7), and some sources of information were associated with having lower TB-related stigma. This study found that a high percentage of caregivers in Equatorial Guinea lack important knowledge about TB disease and have bad attitudes and high TB-related stigma. Given the epidemiological situation of TB in the country, it is urgent to improve TB knowledge and awareness among Equatorial Guinea’s general population.

Suggested Citation

  • Marta Vericat-Ferrer & Alba Ayala & Policarpo Ncogo & Juan Eyene-Acuresila & Belén García & Agustín Benito & María Romay-Barja, 2022. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Stigma: The Perceptions of Tuberculosis in Equatorial Guinea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8227-:d:856548
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/14/8227/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/14/8227/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Daniel G Datiko & Dereje Habte & Degu Jerene & Pedro Suarez, 2019. "Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to TB among the general population of Ethiopia: Findings from a national cross-sectional survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(10), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Jean-Christophe Fotso & Barthelemy Kuate-Defo, 2005. "Measuring socioeconomic status in health research in developing countries: Should we be focusing on households, communities or both?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 72(2), pages 189-237, June.
    3. Sebsibe Tadesse, 2016. "Stigma against Tuberculosis Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(4), pages 1-11, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Daniel Ofori-Sasu & Maame Ofewah Sarpong & Vivian Tetteh & Baah Aye Kusi, 2022. "Banking disclosure and banking crises in Africa: does board gender diversity play a role?," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Petrou, Stavros & Kupek, Emil, 2010. "Poverty and childhood undernutrition in developing countries: A multi-national cohort study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(7), pages 1366-1373, October.
    3. Zhou, Min & Tan, Shukui & Tao, Yinghui & Lu, Yongzhong & Zhang, Zuo & Zhang, Lu & Yan, Danping, 2017. "Neighborhood socioeconomics, food environment and land use determinants of public health: Isolating the relative importance for essential policy insights," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 246-253.
    4. K. A. T. M. Ehsanul Huq & Michiko Moriyama & David Krause & Habiba Shirin & John Koku Awoonor-Willaims & Mahfuzur Rahman & Md Moshiur Rahman, 2022. "Perceptions, Attitudes, Experiences and Opinions of Tuberculosis Associated Stigma: A Qualitative Study of the Perspectives among the Bolgatanga Municipality People of Ghana," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-19, November.
    5. Li‐Yun Lee & Heng‐Hsin Tung & Shu‐Ching Chen & Chiung‐Hui Fu, 2017. "Perceived stigma and depression in initially diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(23-24), pages 4813-4821, December.
    6. Ferdi Botha & Frikkie Booysen & Edwin Wouters, 2018. "Satisfaction with Family Life in South Africa: The Role of Socioeconomic Status," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(8), pages 2339-2372, December.
    7. Daniel G Datiko & Dereje Habte & Degu Jerene & Pedro Suarez, 2019. "Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to TB among the general population of Ethiopia: Findings from a national cross-sectional survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(10), pages 1-16, October.
    8. Firestone, Rebecca & Punpuing, Sureeporn & Peterson, Karen E. & Acevedo-Garcia, Dolores & Gortmaker, Steven L., 2011. "Child overweight and undernutrition in Thailand: Is there an urban effect?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 72(9), pages 1420-1428, May.
    9. Abayomi Samuel Oyekale, 2015. "Assessment of Malawian Mothers’ Malaria Knowledge, Healthcare Preferences and Timeliness of Seeking Fever Treatments for Children Under Five," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-20, January.
    10. Borja-Vega, Christian & de la Fuente, Alejandro, 2013. "Municipal vulnerability to climate change and climate related events in Mexico," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6417, The World Bank.
    11. Jose D Meisel & Olga L Sarmiento & Camilo Olaya & Pablo D Lemoine & Juan A Valdivia & Roberto Zarama, 2018. "Towards a novel model for studying the nutritional stage dynamics of the Colombian population by age and socioeconomic status," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(2), pages 1-22, February.
    12. Muhammad Akbar & Abdullah & Amjad Naveed & Shabib Haider Syed, 2022. "Does an Improvement in Rural Infrastructure Contribute to Alleviate Poverty in Pakistan? A Spatial Econometric Analysis," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 162(1), pages 475-499, July.
    13. Acha-Anyi, Asongu & Acha-Anyi, Paul N. & Asongu, Simplice A. & Tchamyou, Vanessa S., 2020. "Social media for health promotion: A visual analysis of “TB proof” South Africa's Facebook page," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    14. Asongu Acha-Anyi & Paul N. Acha-Anyi & Simplice A. Asongu & Vanessa Tchamyou, 2020. "Social media for health promotion: A visual analysis of “TB Proof†South Africa’s Facebook page," Working Papers 20/065, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    15. Joseph Hackman & Daniel Hruschka & Mariya Vizireanu, 2021. "An Agricultural Wealth Index for Multidimensional Wealth Assessments," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 47(1), pages 237-254, March.
    16. Umaru Hauwa Aduwamai & Mahmud Bilkisu Abubakar, 2019. "Effect of Some Weaning Foods on Weanling Albino Rats," Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, Biomedical Research Network+, LLC, vol. 21(2), pages 15702-15706, September.
    17. Sebsibe Tadesse & Fikre Enqueselassie & Seifu Hagos, 2018. "Spatial and space-time clustering of tuberculosis in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, June.
    18. Ferdi Botha & Edwin Wouters & Frikkie Booysen, 2018. "Happiness, Socioeconomic Status, and Family Functioning in South African Households: a Structural Equation Modelling Approach," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 13(4), pages 947-989, December.
    19. Ferdi Botha & Frikkie Booysen & Edwin Wouters, 2018. "Family Functioning and Socioeconomic Status in South African Families: A Test of the Social Causation Hypothesis," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 137(2), pages 789-811, June.
    20. Chapoto, Antony & Kirimi, Lilian & Kadiyala, Suneetha, 2012. "Poverty and Prime-Age Mortality in Eastern and Southern Africa: Evidence from Zambia and Kenya," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(9), pages 1839-1853.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8227-:d:856548. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.