IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v9y2016i4p262-d67277.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Model for the Assessment of Different Net-Metering Policies

Author

Listed:
  • Georgios C. Christoforidis

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, 50100 Kozani, Greece)

  • Ioannis P. Panapakidis

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, 50100 Kozani, Greece)

  • Theofilos A. Papadopoulos

    (Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece)

  • Grigoris K. Papagiannis

    (School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Ioannis Koumparou

    (FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, PV Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus)

  • Maria Hadjipanayi

    (FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, PV Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus)

  • George E. Georghiou

    (FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, PV Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus)

Abstract

The photovoltaic market has recently experienced an enormous expansion, mainly due to the generous Feed-in-Tariffs (FiTs) adopted by many countries. However, in the recent years FiTs have been considerably reduced or even disappeared as their role in the PV deployment has ended. One of the alternatives is the Net-Metering (NEM) policy, which has attracted the interest of stakeholders as it provides a basis for the efficient collaboration between generation and the consumption profiles of the consumer. Currently, there is a lack of a universal policy harmonizing the respective legislations of the E.U. member countries. This paper proposes a novel generalized methodology for the techno-economic assessment of different NEM policies in terms of profitability for the prosumer. The methodology is tested in a formulated case study based on the current NEM policy in Greece. The method proposed uses as inputs the averaged load profiles constructed from real measurements collected from 31 consumers in the Thessaloniki area and evaluated PV production. The current NEM policy and four alternatives are examined, using as additional input the average system marginal prices of the year 2013. The results show that the proposed methodology is capable of evaluating a wide variety of NEM policies and can lead to suggestions for policy adaptation in order to establish a win-win contract between all interested stakeholders.

Suggested Citation

  • Georgios C. Christoforidis & Ioannis P. Panapakidis & Theofilos A. Papadopoulos & Grigoris K. Papagiannis & Ioannis Koumparou & Maria Hadjipanayi & George E. Georghiou, 2016. "A Model for the Assessment of Different Net-Metering Policies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-24, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:4:p:262-:d:67277
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/4/262/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/4/262/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Satchwell, Andrew & Mills, Andrew & Barbose, Galen, 2015. "Quantifying the financial impacts of net-metered PV on utilities and ratepayers," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 133-144.
    2. Mills, Andrew & Wiser, Ryan & Barbose, Galen & Golove, William, 2008. "The impact of retail rate structures on the economics of commercial photovoltaic systems in California," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 3266-3277, September.
    3. Darghouth, Naïm R. & Barbose, Galen & Wiser, Ryan H., 2014. "Customer-economics of residential photovoltaic systems (Part 1): The impact of high renewable energy penetrations on electricity bill savings with net metering," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 290-300.
    4. Darghouth, Naïm R. & Barbose, Galen & Wiser, Ryan, 2011. "The impact of rate design and net metering on the bill savings from distributed PV for residential customers in California," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 5243-5253, September.
    5. Watts, David & Valdés, Marcelo F. & Jara, Danilo & Watson, Andrea, 2015. "Potential residential PV development in Chile: The effect of Net Metering and Net Billing schemes for grid-connected PV systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1037-1051.
    6. Eid, Cherrelle & Reneses Guillén, Javier & Frías Marín, Pablo & Hakvoort, Rudi, 2014. "The economic effect of electricity net-metering with solar PV: Consequences for network cost recovery, cross subsidies and policy objectives," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 244-254.
    7. Nikolaidis, Alexandros I. & Milidonis, Andreas & Charalambous, Charalambos A., 2015. "Impact of fuel-dependent electricity retail charges on the value of net-metered PV applications in vertically integrated systems," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 150-160.
    8. Dufo-López, Rodolfo & Bernal-Agustín, José L., 2015. "A comparative assessment of net metering and net billing policies. Study cases for Spain," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 684-694.
    9. Dusonchet, L. & Telaretti, E., 2015. "Comparative economic analysis of support policies for solar PV in the most representative EU countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 986-998.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Vladimir Z. Gjorgievski & Nikolas G. Chatzigeorgiou & Venizelos Venizelou & Georgios C. Christoforidis & George E. Georghiou & Grigoris K. Papagiannis, 2020. "Evaluation of Load Matching Indicators in Residential PV Systems-the Case of Cyprus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Federica Cucchiella & Idiano D’Adamo & Massimo Gastaldi, 2017. "The Economic Feasibility of Residential Energy Storage Combined with PV Panels: The Role of Subsidies in Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Giovanni Artale & Antonio Cataliotti & Valentina Cosentino & Dario Di Cara & Salvatore Guaiana & Enrico Telaretti & Nicola Panzavecchia & Giovanni Tinè, 2019. "Incremental Heuristic Approach for Meter Placement in Radial Distribution Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-17, October.
    4. Alnaser, Sahban W. & Althaher, Sereen Z. & Long, Chao & Zhou, Yue & Wu, Jianzhong & Hamdan, Reem, 2021. "Transition towards solar Photovoltaic Self-Consumption policies with Batteries: From the perspective of distribution networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    5. Gallego-Castillo, Cristobal & Heleno, Miguel & Victoria, Marta, 2021. "Self-consumption for energy communities in Spain: A regional analysis under the new legal framework," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    6. Michas, Serafeim & Stavrakas, Vassilis & Papadelis, Sotiris & Flamos, Alexandros, 2020. "A transdisciplinary modeling framework for the participatory design of dynamic adaptive policy pathways," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    7. Giovanni Artale & Antonio Cataliotti & Valentina Cosentino & Dario Di Cara & Riccardo Fiorelli & Salvatore Guaiana & Nicola Panzavecchia & Giovanni Tinè, 2019. "A New Coupling Solution for G3-PLC Employment in MV Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-23, June.
    8. Carlos J. Sarasa-Maestro & Rodolfo Dufo-López & José L. Bernal-Agustín, 2016. "Analysis of Photovoltaic Self-Consumption Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-18, August.
    9. Widha Kusumaningdyah & Tetsuo Tezuka & Benjamin C. McLellan, 2021. "Investigating Preconditions for Sustainable Renewable Energy Product–Service Systems in Retail Electricity Markets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-21, March.
    10. Ana García-Garre & Antonio Gabaldón & Carlos Álvarez-Bel & María Del Carmen Ruiz-Abellón & Antonio Guillamón, 2018. "Integration of Demand Response and Photovoltaic Resources in Residential Segments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-31, August.
    11. An, Jongbaek & Hong, Taehoon & Lee, Minhyun, 2022. "Determining the optimal trading price of electricity for energy consumers and prosumers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    12. Miguel Manuel de Villena & Raphael Fonteneau & Axel Gautier & Damien Ernst, 2019. "Evaluating the Evolution of Distribution Networks under Different Regulatory Frameworks with Multi-Agent Modelling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-15, March.
    13. Gamal Alkawsi & Yahia Baashar & Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani & Chin Wai Lim & Sieh Kiong Tiong & Mohammad Khudari, 2021. "Viability Assessment of Small-Scale On-Grid Wind Energy Generator for Households in Malaysia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, June.
    14. Peter Cappers & Andrew Satchwell & Will Gorman & Javier Reneses, 2019. "Financial Impacts of Net-Metered Distributed PV on a Prototypical Western Utility’s Shareholders and Ratepayers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-19, December.
    15. Ossenbrink, Jan, 2017. "How feed-in remuneration design shapes residential PV prosumer paradigms," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 239-255.
    16. Ludwik Wicki & Robert Pietrzykowski & Dariusz Kusz, 2022. "Factors Determining the Development of Prosumer Photovoltaic Installations in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-19, August.
    17. Gjorgievski, Vladimir Z. & Velkovski, Bodan & Francesco Demetrio, Minuto & Cundeva, Snezana & Markovska, Natasa, 2023. "Energy sharing in European renewable energy communities: Impact of regulated charges," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    18. Koumparou, Ioannis & Christoforidis, Georgios C. & Efthymiou, Venizelos & Papagiannis, Grigoris K. & Georghiou, George E., 2017. "Configuring residential PV net-metering policies – A focus on the Mediterranean region," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 795-812.
    19. Mihai Sanduleac & Irina Ciornei & Mihaela Albu & Lucian Toma & Marta Sturzeanu & João F. Martins, 2017. "Resilient Prosumer Scenario in a Changing Regulatory Environment—The UniRCon Solution," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Castaneda, Monica & Jimenez, Maritza & Zapata, Sebastian & Franco, Carlos J. & Dyner, Isaac, 2017. "Myths and facts of the utility death spiral," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 105-116.
    2. Dufo-López, Rodolfo & Bernal-Agustín, José L., 2015. "A comparative assessment of net metering and net billing policies. Study cases for Spain," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 684-694.
    3. Chaianong, Aksornchan & Tongsopit, Sopitsuda & Bangviwat, Athikom & Menke, Christoph, 2019. "Bill saving analysis of rooftop PV customers and policy implications for Thailand," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 422-434.
    4. Nikolaidis, Alexandros I. & Charalambous, Charalambos A., 2017. "Hidden financial implications of the net energy metering practice in an isolated power system: Critical review and policy insights," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 706-717.
    5. L. (Lisa B.) Ryan & Sarah La Monaca & Linda Mastrandrea & Petr Spodniak, 2018. "Harnessing Electricity Retail Tariffs to Support Climate Change Policy," Working Papers 201822, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
    6. Darghouth, Naïm R. & Wiser, Ryan H. & Barbose, Galen & Mills, Andrew D., 2016. "Net metering and market feedback loops: Exploring the impact of retail rate design on distributed PV deployment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 713-722.
    7. Rutovitz, Jay & Oliva H., Sebastian & McIntosh, Lawrence & Langham, Ed & Teske, Sven & Atherton, Alison & Kelly, Scott, 2018. "Local network credits and local electricity trading: Results of virtual trials and the policy implications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 324-334.
    8. Oliva H., Sebastian, 2017. "Residential energy efficiency and distributed generation - Natural partners or competition?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 932-940.
    9. Kubli, Merla, 2018. "Squaring the sunny circle? On balancing distributive justice of power grid costs and incentives for solar prosumers," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 173-188.
    10. Avilés A., Camilo & Oliva H., Sebastian & Watts, David, 2019. "Single-dwelling and community renewable microgrids: Optimal sizing and energy management for new business models," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    11. Axel Gautier & Julien Jacqmin & Jean-Christophe Poudou, 2018. "The prosumers and the grid," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 53(1), pages 100-126, February.
    12. Sheikhhoseini, Mousa & Rashidinejad, Masoud & Ameri, Mehran & Abdollahi, Amir, 2018. "Economic analysis of support policies for residential photovoltaic systems in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 853-866.
    13. Darghouth, Naïm R. & Wiser, Ryan H. & Barbose, Galen, 2016. "Customer economics of residential photovoltaic systems: Sensitivities to changes in wholesale market design and rate structures," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1459-1469.
    14. Castaneda, Monica & Zapata, Sebastian & Cherni, Judith & Aristizabal, Andres J. & Dyner, Isaac, 2020. "The long-term effects of cautious feed-in tariff reductions on photovoltaic generation in the UK residential sector," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 1432-1443.
    15. Sakah, Marriette & Diawuo, Felix Amankwah & Katzenbach, Rolf & Gyamfi, Samuel, 2017. "Towards a sustainable electrification in Ghana: A review of renewable energy deployment policies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 544-557.
    16. Peter Cappers & Andrew Satchwell & Will Gorman & Javier Reneses, 2019. "Financial Impacts of Net-Metered Distributed PV on a Prototypical Western Utility’s Shareholders and Ratepayers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-19, December.
    17. David P. Brown & David E. M. Sappington, 2017. "Designing Compensation for Distributed Solar Generation: Is Net Metering Ever Optimal?," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 3).
    18. Comello, Stephen & Reichelstein, Stefan, 2017. "Cost competitiveness of residential solar PV: The impact of net metering restrictions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 46-57.
    19. Tongsopit, Sopitsuda & Junlakarn, Siripha & Wibulpolprasert, Wichsinee & Chaianong, Aksornchan & Kokchang, Phimsupha & Hoang, Nghia Vu, 2019. "The economics of solar PV self-consumption in Thailand," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 395-408.
    20. Seel, Joachim & Barbose, Galen L. & Wiser, Ryan H., 2014. "An analysis of residential PV system price differences between the United States and Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 216-226.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:4:p:262-:d:67277. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.