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Recent Advances in the Characterization of Gaseous and Liquid Fuels by Vibrational Spectroscopy

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  • Johannes Kiefer

    (Technische Thermodynamik, Universität Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, Bremen 28359, Germany
    School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Fraser Noble Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
    Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91052, Germany)

Abstract

Most commercial gaseous and liquid fuels are mixtures of multiple chemical compounds. In recent years, these mixtures became even more complicated when the suppliers started to admix biofuels into the petrochemical basic fuels. As the properties of such mixtures can vary with composition, there is a need for reliable analytical technologies in order to ensure stable operation of devices such as internal combustion engines and gas turbines. Vibrational spectroscopic methods have proved their suitability for fuel characterization. Moreover, they have the potential to overcome existing limitations of established technologies, because they are fast and accurate, and they do not require sampling; hence they can be deployed as inline sensors. This article reviews the recent advances of vibrational spectroscopy in terms of infrared absorption (IR) and Raman spectroscopy in the context of fuel characterization. The focus of the paper lies on gaseous and liquid fuels, which are dominant in the transportation sector and in the distributed generation of power. On top of an introduction to the physical principles and review of the literature, the techniques are critically discussed and compared with each other.

Suggested Citation

  • Johannes Kiefer, 2015. "Recent Advances in the Characterization of Gaseous and Liquid Fuels by Vibrational Spectroscopy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-33, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:4:p:3165-3197:d:48441
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Teresa J. Leo & Miguel A. Raso & Emilio Navarro & Eleuterio Mora, 2013. "Long Term Performance Study of a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Fed with Alcohol Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Zhang, Wei-Bo, 2012. "Review on analysis of biodiesel with infrared spectroscopy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 6048-6058.
    3. Eileen Hao Yu & Ulrike Krewer & Keith Scott, 2010. "Principles and Materials Aspects of Direct Alkaline Alcohol Fuel Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 3(8), pages 1-30, August.
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    1. Fu Wan & Lingling Du & Weigen Chen & Pinyi Wang & Jianxin Wang & Haiyang Shi, 2017. "A Novel Method to Directly Analyze Dissolved Acetic Acid in Transformer Oil without Extraction Using Raman Spectroscopy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-12, July.
    2. Jingxin Zou & Weigen Chen & Fu Wan & Zhou Fan & Lingling Du, 2016. "Raman Spectral Characteristics of Oil-Paper Insulation and Its Application to Ageing Stage Assessment of Oil-Immersed Transformers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-14, November.

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