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Identification and Mitigation of Predominant Challenges in the Utilization of Aged Traction Batteries within Stationary Second-Life Scenarios

Author

Listed:
  • Merlin Frank

    (Chair of Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany)

  • Daniel Serafin Holz

    (Chair of Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany)

  • Domenic Klohs

    (Chair of Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany)

  • Christian Offermanns

    (Chair of Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany)

  • Heiner Hans Heimes

    (Chair of Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany)

  • Achim Kampker

    (Chair of Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany)

Abstract

As the production of battery cells experiences exponential growth and electric vehicle fleets continue to expand, an escalating number of traction batteries are nearing the conclusion of their operational life for mobility purposes, both presently and in the foreseeable future. Concurrently, the heightened interest in sustainable energy storage solutions has spurred investigations into potential second-life applications for aging traction batteries. Nonetheless, the predominant practice remains the removal of these batteries from electric vehicles, signifying the end of their life cycle, and their subsequent incorporation into recycling processes, with limited consideration for life-extending measures. This study seeks to elucidate the reasons behind the deprioritization of battery repurposing strategies. Therefore, the research team conducted two industry studies with over 20 battery experts from Europe, revealing concerns about the economic viability of repurposing batteries for stationary storage applications. A literature review of studies published since 2016 confirmed the industry’s struggles to address this issue theoretically. In conclusion, a research question was formulated, and a solution approach was delineated to assess the economic prospects of aged traction batteries within the industry’s landscape in the future. This solution approach encompasses pertinent market analysis, the identification of representative second-life applications, as well as the formulation of a methodology for evaluating the residual value of these batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Merlin Frank & Daniel Serafin Holz & Domenic Klohs & Christian Offermanns & Heiner Hans Heimes & Achim Kampker, 2024. "Identification and Mitigation of Predominant Challenges in the Utilization of Aged Traction Batteries within Stationary Second-Life Scenarios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:5:p:988-:d:1342193
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Achim Kampker & Heiner Hans Heimes & Christian Offermanns & Merlin Frank & Domenic Klohs & Khanh Nguyen, 2023. "Prediction of Battery Return Volumes for 3R: Remanufacturing, Reuse, and Recycling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-22, September.
    2. Song, Ziyou & Feng, Shuo & Zhang, Lei & Hu, Zunyan & Hu, Xiaosong & Yao, Rui, 2019. "Economy analysis of second-life battery in wind power systems considering battery degradation in dynamic processes: Real case scenarios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Horesh, Noah & Quinn, Casey & Wang, Hongjie & Zane, Regan & Ferry, Mike & Tong, Shijie & Quinn, Jason C., 2021. "Driving to the future of energy storage: Techno-economic analysis of a novel method to recondition second life electric vehicle batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    4. Assunção, André & Moura, Pedro S. & de Almeida, Aníbal T., 2016. "Technical and economic assessment of the secondary use of repurposed electric vehicle batteries in the residential sector to support solar energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 120-131.
    5. Bosong Zou & Lisheng Zhang & Xiaoqing Xue & Rui Tan & Pengchang Jiang & Bin Ma & Zehua Song & Wei Hua, 2023. "A Review on the Fault and Defect Diagnosis of Lithium-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-19, July.
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