IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i24p9636-d1008062.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Possibilities of Using Whey Wastes in Agriculture: Case of Turkey

Author

Listed:
  • Esmanur Sirmacekic

    (Department of Biosystem Engineering, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya 07-425, Turkey)

  • Atilgan Atilgan

    (Department of Biosystem Engineering, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya 07-425, Turkey)

  • Roman Rolbiecki

    (Department of Agrometeorology, Plant Irrigation and Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Barbara Jagosz

    (Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland)

  • Stanisław Rolbiecki

    (Department of Agrometeorology, Plant Irrigation and Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Osman Gokdogan

    (Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta 32-260, Turkey)

  • Marcin Niemiec

    (Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland)

  • Joanna Kocięcka

    (Department of Land Improvement, Environment Development and Spatial Management, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-649 Poznań, Poland)

Abstract

Liquid wastes are generated during production in the milk and cheese industries. During cheese production, whey emerges as a liquid product. Researchers define waste as raw material instead of waste alone. Hence, there is no doubt that the use and management of waste will gain greater importance in the upcoming years. This study discusses the use of whey, which is food waste, in agriculture and the benefits derived from it in terms of energy value. Our research was based on the current literature and the amount of whey that emerged in the dairy industry. For this purpose, the existing literature was evaluated to determine how much waste was produced from whey. The total amount of whey waste in Turkey for 2021 was determined. Afterwards, the amount of potential energy was determined in evaluating these wastes. Turkey’s total amount of potential energy obtained from whey waste was calculated as 570.11 × 10 6 MJ, with 158.36 × 10 6 kWh as potential electrical energy. Moreover, it was calculated that a total of 158.36 × 10 6 kWh of electrical energy would meet the electrical energy of 688,548 families of four people for a month. It is also stated that this potential energy will be used in the field of equivalent electrical energy content and agriculture. It is a fact that cheese wastewater, rich in nutrients and organic matter, can be used in agriculture. Whey is used as animal feed in agricultural fertilization activities and the livestock sector. It has also been understood from the literature that it can also be used in biogas production. However, it should not be forgotten that whey released into rivers, water sources, or sewers threatens the environment due to its high protein content. Therefore, by increasing the number of similar studies on the subject, a wide range of wastes, such as whey, can be utilized in the most accurate manner. As a result, environmental protection, conservation of water resources, and energy conservation can be ensured by properly benefiting from whey waste. Considering that the world population will increase in the future, it is a fact that we will need a cleaner environment and more energy. It was concluded that greater importance should be given to waste management practices for a cleaner environment and energy saving.

Suggested Citation

  • Esmanur Sirmacekic & Atilgan Atilgan & Roman Rolbiecki & Barbara Jagosz & Stanisław Rolbiecki & Osman Gokdogan & Marcin Niemiec & Joanna Kocięcka, 2022. "Possibilities of Using Whey Wastes in Agriculture: Case of Turkey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:24:p:9636-:d:1008062
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/24/9636/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/24/9636/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aspasia A. Chatzipaschali & Anastassios G. Stamatis, 2012. "Biotechnological Utilization with a Focus on Anaerobic Treatment of Cheese Whey: Current Status and Prospects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(9), pages 1-34, September.
    2. Xuejun Qian & Seong Lee & Ana-maria Soto & Guangming Chen, 2018. "Regression Model to Predict the Higher Heating Value of Poultry Waste from Proximate Analysis," Resources, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-14, June.
    3. Halloran, Afton & Clement, Jesper & Kornum, Niels & Bucatariu, Camelia & Magid, Jakob, 2014. "Addressing food waste reduction in Denmark," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(P1), pages 294-301.
    4. Prazeres, Ana R. & Rivas, Javier & Almeida, Maria Adelaide & Patanita, Manuel & Dôres, Jóse & Carvalho, Fátima, 2016. "Agricultural reuse of cheese whey wastewater treated by NaOH precipitation for tomato production under several saline conditions and sludge management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 62-74.
    5. Muhammad Kamran Khan & Muhammad Imran Khan & Muhammad Rehan, 2020. "The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 1-13, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Oriana Gava & Fabio Bartolini & Francesca Venturi & Gianluca Brunori & Angela Zinnai & Alberto Pardossi, 2018. "A Reflection of the Use of the Life Cycle Assessment Tool for Agri-Food Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Shujaat Abbas & Hazrat Yousaf & Shabeer Khan & Mohd Ziaur Rehman & Dmitri Blueschke, 2023. "Analysis and Projection of Transport Sector Demand for Energy and Carbon Emission: An Application of the Grey Model in Pakistan," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Sailian Xia & Daming You & Zhihua Tang & Bo Yang, 2021. "Analysis of the Spatial Effect of Fiscal Decentralization and Environmental Decentralization on Carbon Emissions under the Pressure of Officials’ Promotion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-21, March.
    4. Sultan Salem & Noman Arshed & Ahsan Anwar & Mubasher Iqbal & Nyla Sattar, 2021. "Renewable Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions—Testing Nonlinearity for Highly Carbon Emitting Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, October.
    5. Chimere O. Iheonu & Ogochukwu C. Anyanwu & Obinna K. Odo & Solomon Prince Nathaniel, 2021. "Does Economic Growth, International Trade and Urbanization uphold Environmental Sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa? Insights from Quantile and Causality Procedures," Working Papers 21/003, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    6. Maxwell Kongkuah & Hongxing Yao & Veli Yilanci, 2022. "The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in China: the role of urbanisation and international trade," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 4684-4708, April.
    7. Luo, Na & Olsen, Tava & Liu, Yanping & Zhang, Abraham, 2022. "Reducing food loss and waste in supply chain operations," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    8. Yang, Shuangpeng & umar, Muhammad, 2022. "How globalization is reshaping the environmental quality in G7 economies in the presence of renewable energy initiatives?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 128-135.
    9. Yu-Ke, Chen & Hassan, Muhammad Shahid & Kalim, Rukhsana & Mahmood, Haider & Arshed, Noman & Salman, Muhammad, 2022. "Testing asymmetric influence of clean and unclean energy for targeting environmental quality in environmentally poor economies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 765-775.
    10. Patrícia Guarnieri & Raiane C. C. de Aguiar & Karim M. Thomé & Eluiza Alberto de Morais Watanabe, 2021. "The Role of Logistics in Food Waste Reduction in Wholesalers and Small Retailers of Fruits and Vegetables: A Multiple Case Study," Logistics, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-15, November.
    11. Zhang, Jinjun & Abbasi, Kashif Raza & Hussain, Khadim & Akram, Sabahat & Alvarado, Rafael & Almulhim, Abdulaziz I., 2022. "Another perspective towards energy consumption factors in Pakistan: Fresh policy insights from novel methodological framework," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    12. Raut, Rakesh D. & Gardas, Bhaskar B. & Narwane, Vaibhav S. & Narkhede, Balkrishna E., 2019. "Improvement in the food losses in fruits and vegetable supply chain - a perspective of cold third-party logistics approach," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 6(C).
    13. Henrique Oliveira & Víctor Moutinho, 2021. "Renewable Energy, Economic Growth and Economic Development Nexus: A Bibliometric Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-28, July.
    14. Keke Bai & Farid Ullah & Muhammad Arif & Sahar Erfanian & Saima Urooge, 2023. "Stakeholder-Centered Corporate Governance and Corporate Sustainable Development: Evidence from CSR Practices in the Top Companies by Market Capitalization at Shanghai Stock Exchange of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-25, February.
    15. Oryani, Bahareh & Koo, Yoonmo & Rezania, Shahabaldin & Shafiee, Afsaneh, 2021. "Investigating the asymmetric impact of energy consumption on reshaping future energy policy and economic growth in Iran using extended Cobb-Douglas production function," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    16. Zhang, Jie & Chen, Zhiguo & Altuntaş, Mehmet, 2022. "Tracing volatility in natural resources, green finance and investment in energy resources: Fresh evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    17. Noman Rasheed & Dilawar Khan & Aisha Gul & Róbert Magda, 2023. "Impact Assessment of Climate Mitigation Finance on Climate Change in South Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-19, April.
    18. Żmieńka Ewa & Staniszewski Jakub, 2020. "Food management innovations for reducing food wastage – a systematic literature review," Management, Sciendo, vol. 24(1), pages 193-207, June.
    19. Yang, Bo & Swe, Thidar & Chen, Yixuan & Zeng, Chunyuan & Shu, Hongchun & Li, Xin & Yu, Tao & Zhang, Xiaoshun & Sun, Liming, 2021. "Energy cooperation between Myanmar and China under One Belt One Road: Current state, challenges and perspectives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PB).
    20. Chimere O. Iheonu & Ogochukwu C. Anyanwu & Obinna K. Odo & Solomon Prince Nathaniel, 2021. "Does Economic Growth, International Trade and Urbanization uphold Environmental Sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa? Insights from Quantile and Causality Procedures," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 21/003, African Governance and Development Institute..

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:24:p:9636-:d:1008062. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.