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The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water System

Author

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  • Els van der Roest

    (KWR Water Research Institute, Department of Sustainability & Transitions, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
    Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2638 CN Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Theo Fens

    (Economics of Infrastructures Section, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2638 BX Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Martin Bloemendal

    (KWR Water Research Institute, Department of Sustainability & Transitions, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
    Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2638 CN Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Stijn Beernink

    (KWR Water Research Institute, Department of Sustainability & Transitions, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
    Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2638 CN Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Jan Peter van der Hoek

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2638 CN Delft, The Netherlands
    Waternet, Korte Oudekerkerdijk 7, 1096 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Ad J. M. van Wijk

    (KWR Water Research Institute, Department of Sustainability & Transitions, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
    Department of Process and Energy, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2638 CB Delft, The Netherlands)

Abstract

The fossil-based energy system is transitioning towards a renewable energy system. One important aspect is the spatial and temporal mismatch between intermitted supply and continuous demand. To ensure a reliable and affordable energy system, we propose an integrated system approach that integrates electricity production, mobility, heating of buildings and water management with a major role for storage and conversion. The minimization of energy transport in such an integrated system indicates the need for local optimization. This study focuses on a comparison between different novel system designs for neighborhood energy and water systems with varying modes of system integration, including all-electric, power-to-heat and power-to-hydrogen. A simulation model is developed to determine the energy and water balance and carry out economic analysis to calculate the system costs of various scenarios. We show that system costs are the lowest in a scenario that combines a hydrogen boiler and heat pumps for household heating; or a power-to-X system that combines power-to-heat, seasonal heat storage, and power-to-hydrogen (2070 €/household/year). Scenarios with electricity as the main energy carrier have higher retrofitting costs for buildings (insulation + heat pump), which leads to higher system costs (2320–2370 €/household/year) than more integrated systems. We conclude that diversification in energy carriers can contribute to a smooth transition of existing residential areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Els van der Roest & Theo Fens & Martin Bloemendal & Stijn Beernink & Jan Peter van der Hoek & Ad J. M. van Wijk, 2021. "The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-33, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:9:p:2616-:d:548235
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Els van der Roest & Stijn Beernink & Niels Hartog & Jan Peter van der Hoek & Martin Bloemendal, 2021. "Towards Sustainable Heat Supply with Decentralized Multi-Energy Systems by Integration of Subsurface Seasonal Heat Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-31, November.
    2. Kachirayil, Febin & Weinand, Jann Michael & Scheller, Fabian & McKenna, Russell, 2022. "Reviewing local and integrated energy system models: insights into flexibility and robustness challenges," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    3. Fouladvand, Javanshir & Aranguren Rojas, Maria & Hoppe, Thomas & Ghorbani, Amineh, 2022. "Simulating thermal energy community formation: Institutional enablers outplaying technological choice," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PA).

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