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An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping

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  • Ernest Czermański

    (Department of Maritime Transport and Seaborne Trade, Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk, 81-824 Sopot, Poland)

  • Giuseppe T. Cirella

    (Department of Transport Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk, 81-824 Sopot, Poland)

  • Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek

    (Department of Maritime Transport and Seaborne Trade, Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk, 81-824 Sopot, Poland)

  • Barbara Pawłowska

    (Department of Transport Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk, 81-824 Sopot, Poland)

  • Theo Notteboom

    (Center for Eurasian Maritime and Inland Logistics, China Institute of FTZ Supply Chain, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    Maritime Institute, Faculty of Law and Criminology, Gent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
    Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
    Antwerp Maritime Academy, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium)

Abstract

Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III requirements, the Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. To assist policy formulation and follow-up, this study applies an energy consumption approach to estimate container ship emissions. The volumes of sulphur oxide (SO x ), nitrous oxide (NO x ), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emitted from container ships are estimated using 2018 datasets on container shipping and average vessel speed records generated via AIS. Furthermore, the estimated reductions in SO x , NO x , PM, and CO 2 are mapped for 2020. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the energy consumption approach is a valuable method to estimate ongoing emission reductions on a continuous basis and to fill data gaps where needed, as the latest worldwide container shipping emissions records date back to 2015. The presented analysis supports early-stage detection of environmental impacts in container shipping and helps to determine in which areas the greatest potential for emission reductions can be found.

Suggested Citation

  • Ernest Czermański & Giuseppe T. Cirella & Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek & Barbara Pawłowska & Theo Notteboom, 2021. "An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:2:p:278-:d:475739
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Dariusz Bernacki & Christian Lis, 2021. "Investigating the Sustainable Impact of Seaport Infrastructure Provision on Maritime Component of Supply Chain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, June.
    2. Nestor Goicoechea & Luis María Abadie, 2021. "Optimal Slow Steaming Speed for Container Ships under the EU Emission Trading System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-25, November.
    3. Tomasz Cepowski & Paweł Chorab, 2021. "The Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Determine the Engine Power and Fuel Consumption of Modern Bulk Carriers, Tankers and Container Ships," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-26, August.
    4. Joanna Kizielewicz, 2021. "Eco-Trends in Energy Solutions on Cruise Ships," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-13, June.
    5. Luka Vukić & Kee-hung Lai, 2022. "Acute port congestion and emissions exceedances as an impact of COVID-19 outcome: the case of San Pedro Bay ports," Journal of Shipping and Trade, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 1-26, December.
    6. Douwe F. A. van der Kroft & Jeroen F. J. Pruyn, 2021. "A Study into the Availability, Costs and GHG Reduction in Drop-In Biofuels for Shipping under Different Regimes between 2020 and 2050," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-20, September.
    7. Jessica Kersey & Natalie D. Popovich & Amol A. Phadke, 2022. "Rapid battery cost declines accelerate the prospects of all-electric interregional container shipping," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(7), pages 664-674, July.
    8. Tomasz Neumann, 2021. "Comparative Analysis of Long-Distance Transportation with the Example of Sea and Rail Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, March.
    9. Giuseppe T. Cirella & Barbara Pawłowska, 2021. "Advancements in the Energy Sector and the Socioeconomic Development Nexus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-5, December.
    10. Dariusz Bernacki, 2021. "Assessing the Link between Vessel Size and Maritime Supply Chain Sustainable Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-21, May.

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