IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i15p4582-d603759.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Towards Sustainable Development Goal 7 “Universal Access to Clean Modern Energy”: National Strategy in Rwanda to Scale Clean Cooking with Bottled Gas

Author

Listed:
  • Iva Čukić

    (Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK)

  • Chris Kypridemos

    (Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK)

  • Alex W. Evans

    (The Global LPG Partnership, New York, NY 10065, USA)

  • Daniel Pope

    (Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK)

  • Elisa Puzzolo

    (Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
    The Global LPG Partnership, New York, NY 10065, USA)

Abstract

More than 90% of Rwandans rely on polluting solid fuels to meet their cooking needs. The negative impacts on health, climate, and the environment have led the Rwandan government to set a target of halving that number to 42% by 2024. A National Master Plan to promote scale up of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has been developed to define (i) the necessary market conditions, (ii) public and private sector interventions, and (iii) the expected societal impacts. Findings are reported from modelling scenarios of scaling LPG use towards the 2024 policy target and the 2030 target for “universal access to clean modern energy” (SDG7). Household LPG use is projected to increase from 5.6% in 2020 to 13.2% by 2024 and 38.5% by 2030. This level of adoption could result in a reduction of 7656 premature deaths and 403,664 disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs), as well as 243 million trees saved. Reductions in carbon dioxide and black carbon emissions equivalents (CO 2 e and BCe, respectively) are estimated to reach 25.6 million MT and 14.9 MT, respectively, by 2030. While aggressive policy intervention is required, the health, environmental, and developmental benefits are clear. Implementation of the Rwanda National LPG Master Plan will provide a model for other sub-Saharan African countries to address the priorities for cessation of reliance on solid fuels as an energy source.

Suggested Citation

  • Iva Čukić & Chris Kypridemos & Alex W. Evans & Daniel Pope & Elisa Puzzolo, 2021. "Towards Sustainable Development Goal 7 “Universal Access to Clean Modern Energy”: National Strategy in Rwanda to Scale Clean Cooking with Bottled Gas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:15:p:4582-:d:603759
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/15/4582/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/15/4582/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alem, Yonas & Beyene, Abebe D. & Köhlin, Gunnar & Mekonnen, Alemu, 2016. "Modeling household cooking fuel choice: A panel multinomial logit approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 129-137.
    2. Rema Hanna & Paulina Oliva, 2015. "Moving Up the Energy Ladder: The Effect of an Increase in Economic Well-Being on the Fuel Consumption Choices of the Poor in India," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 105(5), pages 242-246, May.
    3. Kimball C. Chen & Matthew Leach & Mairi J. Black & Meron Tesfamichael & Francis Kemausuor & Patrick Littlewood & Terry Marker & Onesmus Mwabonje & Yacob Mulugetta & Richard J. Murphy & Rocio Diaz-Chav, 2021. "BioLPG for Clean Cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa: Present and Future Feasibility of Technologies, Feedstocks, Enabling Conditions and Financing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-22, June.
    4. Grieshop, Andrew P. & Marshall, Julian D. & Kandlikar, Milind, 2011. "Health and climate benefits of cookstove replacement options," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(12), pages 7530-7542.
    5. Troncoso, Karin & Segurado, Patricia & Aguilar, Margarita & Soares da Silva, Agnes, 2019. "Adoption of LPG for cooking in two rural communities of Chiapas, Mexico," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    6. Ilija Gubic & Oana Baloi, 2019. "Implementing the New Urban Agenda in Rwanda: Nation-Wide Public Space Initiatives," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 4(2), pages 223-236.
    7. Richenda Van Leeuwen & Alex Evans & Besnik Hyseni, 2017. "Increasing the Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas in Cooking in Developing Countries," World Bank Publications - Reports 26569, The World Bank Group.
    8. Sunil Mani & Abhishek Jain & Saurabh Tripathi & Carlos F. Gould, 2020. "The drivers of sustained use of liquified petroleum gas in India," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 5(6), pages 450-457, June.
    9. Troncoso, Karin & Soares da Silva, Agnes, 2017. "LPG fuel subsidies in Latin America and the use of solid fuels to cook," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 188-196.
    10. Chika Ezeanya, 2015. "Home-grown and grassroots-based strategies for determining inequality towards policy action: Rwanda's Ubudehe approach in perspective," WIDER Working Paper Series 008, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    11. Coelho, Suani T. & Goldemberg, José, 2013. "Energy access: Lessons learned in Brazil and perspectives for replication in other developing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 1088-1096.
    12. Chika Ezeanya, 2015. "Home-grown and grassroots-based strategies for determining inequality towards policy action: Rwanda's Ubudehe approach in perspective," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2015-008, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    13. Shupler, Matthew & O'Keefe, Mark & Puzzolo, Elisa & Nix, Emily & Anderson de Cuevas, Rachel & Mwitari, James & Gohole, Arthur & Sang, Edna & Čukić, Iva & Menya, Diana & Pope, Daniel, 2021. "Pay-as-you-go liquefied petroleum gas supports sustainable clean cooking in Kenyan informal urban settlement during COVID-19 lockdown," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    14. World Bank & Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2016. "The Cost of Air Pollution," World Bank Publications - Reports 25013, The World Bank Group.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Simon Batchelor & Ed Brown & Nigel Scott & Matthew Leach & Anna Clements & Jon Leary, 2022. "Mutual Support—Modern Energy Planning Inclusive of Cooking—A Review of Research into Action in Africa and Asia since 2018," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-29, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shupler, Matthew & Mwitari, James & Gohole, Arthur & Anderson de Cuevas, Rachel & Puzzolo, Elisa & Čukić, Iva & Nix, Emily & Pope, Daniel, 2021. "COVID-19 impacts on household energy & food security in a Kenyan informal settlement: The need for integrated approaches to the SDGs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    2. Hsu, Eric & Forougi, Noah & Gan, Meixi & Muchiri, Elizabeth & Pope, Dan & Puzzolo, Elisa, 2021. "Microfinance for clean cooking: What lessons can be learned for scaling up LPG adoption in Kenya through managed loans?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    3. Alison Pye & Sara Ronzi & Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane & Elisa Puzzolo & Atongno Humphrey Ashu & Daniel Pope, 2020. "Drivers of the Adoption and Exclusive Use of Clean Fuel for Cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa: Learnings and Policy Considerations from Cameroon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-24, August.
    4. Gill-Wiehl, A. & Ray, I. & Kammen, D., 2021. "Is clean cooking affordable? A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    5. Gill-Wiehl, Annelise & Brown, Timothy & Smith, Kirk, 2022. "The need to prioritize consumption: A difference-in-differences approach to analyze the total effect of India's below-the-poverty-line policies on LPG use," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    6. Mardones, Cristian, 2021. "Ex-post evaluation and cost-benefit analysis of a heater replacement program implemented in southern Chile," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    7. Ma, Wanglin & Vatsa, Puneet & Zheng, Hongyun, 2022. "Cooking fuel choices and subjective well-being in rural China: Implications for a complete energy transition," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    8. Nguyen, Trung Thanh & Nguyen, Thanh-Tung & Hoang, Viet-Ngu & Wilson, Clevo & Managi, Shunsuke, 2019. "Energy transition, poverty and inequality in Vietnam," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 536-548.
    9. Shupler, Matthew & O'Keefe, Mark & Puzzolo, Elisa & Nix, Emily & Anderson de Cuevas, Rachel & Mwitari, James & Gohole, Arthur & Sang, Edna & Čukić, Iva & Menya, Diana & Pope, Daniel, 2021. "Pay-as-you-go liquefied petroleum gas supports sustainable clean cooking in Kenyan informal urban settlement during COVID-19 lockdown," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    10. Gould, Carlos F. & Schlesinger, Samuel B. & Molina, Emilio & Bejarano, M. Lorena & Valarezo, Alfredo & Jack, Darby W., 2020. "Household fuel mixes in peri-urban and rural Ecuador: Explaining the context of LPG, patterns of continued firewood use, and the challenges of induction cooking," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    11. Dendup, Ngawang & Arimura, Toshi H., 2019. "Information leverage: The adoption of clean cooking fuel in Bhutan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 181-195.
    12. Kimball C. Chen & Matthew Leach & Mairi J. Black & Meron Tesfamichael & Francis Kemausuor & Patrick Littlewood & Terry Marker & Onesmus Mwabonje & Yacob Mulugetta & Richard J. Murphy & Rocio Diaz-Chav, 2021. "BioLPG for Clean Cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa: Present and Future Feasibility of Technologies, Feedstocks, Enabling Conditions and Financing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-22, June.
    13. Liu, Pihui & Han, Chuanfeng & Liu, Xinghua & Teng, Minmin, 2023. "Assessing the effect of nonfarm income on the household cooking energy transition in rural China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    14. Ma, Wanglin & Zheng, Hongyun & Gong, Binlei, 2021. "Household Energy Choice for Cooking: Do Rural Income Growth and Ethnic Difference Play a Role?," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 314990, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    15. Biswas, Shreya & Das, Upasak, 2022. "Adding fuel to human capital: Exploring the educational effects of cooking fuel choice from rural India," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    16. Enrique Cabello-Vargas & Azucena Escobedo-Izquierdo & Arturo Morales-Acevedo, 2021. "Review on Rural Energy Access Policies," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(5), pages 157-171.
    17. Alananga, Samwel Sanga & Igangula, Nurdin Husama, 2022. "Constrained cooking energy choices: Understanding up-the-ladder stacking behaviour in Dar es Salaam Tanzania," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    18. Feeny, Simon & Trinh, Trong-Anh & Zhu, Anna, 2021. "Temperature shocks and energy poverty: Findings from Vietnam," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    19. Muthukumar Palanisamy & Lav Kumar Kaushik & Arun Kumar Mahalingam & Sunita Deb & Pratibha Maurya & Sofia Rani Shaik & Muhammad Abdul Mujeebu, 2023. "Evolutions in Gaseous and Liquid Fuel Cook-Stove Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-37, January.
    20. Gould, Carlos F. & Jha, Shaily & Patnaik, Sasmita & Agrawal, Shalu & Zhang, Alice Tianbo & Saluja, Sonakshi & Nandan, Vagisha & Mani, Sunil & Urpelainen, Johannes, 2022. "Variability in the household use of cooking fuels: The importance of dishes cooked, non-cooking end uses, and seasonality in understanding fuel stacking in rural and urban slum communities in six nort," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    modern cooking; LPG; Rwanda; master plan; adoption; SDG7;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:15:p:4582-:d:603759. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.