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Impact of Users’ Behavior and Real Weather Conditions on the Energy Consumption of Tenement Houses in Wroclaw, Poland: Energy Performance Gap Simulation Based on a Model Calibrated by Field Measurements

Author

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  • Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa

    (Department of Air-Conditioning, Heating, Gas Engineering and Air Protection, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida St. 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Ewelina Stefanowicz

    (Department of Air-Conditioning, Heating, Gas Engineering and Air Protection, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida St. 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Piechurski

    (Department of Air-Conditioning, Heating, Gas Engineering and Air Protection, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida St. 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Chmielewska

    (Department of Air-Conditioning, Heating, Gas Engineering and Air Protection, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida St. 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Marek Kowalczyk

    (Department of Climatology and Atmosphere Protection, University of Wroclaw, Kosiby St. 8, 51-621 Wroclaw, Poland)

Abstract

This paper presents the results of measuring the final energy consumption for heating and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation and indoor conditions in 15 apartments located in pre-war tenement houses. The measurements were compared to the computed energy consumption. The calculations ware made based on the model calibrated by field measurements. The discrepancies between measurements and calculations were assessed using the energy performance gap (EPG). Calculations were made separately for energy for heating and for DHW preparation. Additionally, the results of EPG calculations for different levels of analysis are presented aiming at assessing the impact of weather, temperature in the surrounding zones and users’ behavior. Users’ behaviors influencing the size of the EPG were divided into typical (energy saving or excessive energy consumption) and forced (energy poverty, response to the apartment’s surroundings, technical limitations. The connection between the heating sources and the heating habits has been clearly observed in the research. The former (typical) behaviors were the origin of the energy gap in the apartments heated with natural gas and district heating. The latter (forced) were the origin of the gap in the apartments heated with mostly electricity and solid fuel (with one exception: one apartment that utilized the district heating).

Suggested Citation

  • Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa & Ewelina Stefanowicz & Krzysztof Piechurski & Agnieszka Chmielewska & Marek Kowalczyk, 2020. "Impact of Users’ Behavior and Real Weather Conditions on the Energy Consumption of Tenement Houses in Wroclaw, Poland: Energy Performance Gap Simulation Based on a Model Calibrated by Field Measuremen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:24:p:6707-:d:464866
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Piotr Kowalski & Paweł Szałański & Wojciech Cepiński, 2021. "Waste Heat Recovery by Air-to-Water Heat Pump from Exhausted Ventilating Air for Heating of Multi-Family Residential Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-17, November.
    3. Katarzyna Ratajczak & Katarzyna Michalak & Michał Narojczyk & Łukasz Amanowicz, 2021. "Real Domestic Hot Water Consumption in Residential Buildings and Its Impact on Buildings’ Energy Performance—Case Study in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-22, August.
    4. Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches & Miguel Ángel Navas-Martín & Ignacio Oteiza, 2021. "Behavior Patterns, Energy Consumption and Comfort during COVID-19 Lockdown Related to Home Features, Socioeconomic Factors and Energy Poverty in Madrid," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, May.
    5. Wojciech Rzeźnik & Ilona Rzeźnik & Paweł Hara, 2022. "Comparison of Real and Forecasted Domestic Hot Water Consumption and Demand for Heat Power in Multifamily Buildings, in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-17, September.
    6. Fernando de Frutos & Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches & Carmen Alonso & Fernando Martín-Consuegra & Borja Frutos & Ignacio Oteiza & Miguel Ángel Navas-Martín, 2021. "Indoor Environmental Quality and Consumption Patterns before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Twelve Social Dwellings in Madrid, Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-45, July.
    7. Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa & Ewelina Stefanowicz & Agnieszka Chmielewska & Krzysztof Piechurski, 2023. "Detailed Analysis of the Causes of the Energy Performance Gap Using the Example of Apartments in Historical Buildings in Wroclaw (Poland)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-19, February.

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