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Optimal Sizing of Storage Elements for a Vehicle Based on Fuel Cells, Supercapacitors, and Batteries

Author

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  • José Luis Sampietro

    (Instituto de Robótica e Informática Industrial (IRI), CSIC-UPC, C/Llorens i Artigues, 4-6, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Vicenç Puig

    (Departament d’Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Pau Gargallo, 5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Ramon Costa-Castelló

    (Departament d’Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Pau Gargallo, 5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

Abstract

To achieve a vehicle-efficient energy management system, an architecture composed of a PEM fuel cell as the main energy source and a hybrid storage system based on battery banks and supercapacitors is proposed. This paper introduces a methodology for the optimal component sizing aiming at minimizing the total cost, achieving a cheaper system that can achieve the requirements of the speed profiles. The chosen vehicle is an urban transport bus, which must meet the Buenos Aires Driving Cycle, and the Manhattan Driving Cycle. The combination of batteries and supercapacitors allows a better response to the vehicle’s power demand, since it combines the high energy density of the batteries with the high power density of the supercapacitors, allowing the best absorption of energy coming from braking. In this way, we address the rapid changes in power without reducing the global efficiency of the system. Optimum use of storage systems and fuel cell is analyzed through dynamic programming.

Suggested Citation

  • José Luis Sampietro & Vicenç Puig & Ramon Costa-Castelló, 2019. "Optimal Sizing of Storage Elements for a Vehicle Based on Fuel Cells, Supercapacitors, and Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-27, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:5:p:925-:d:212594
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Ismail Oukkacha & Cheikh Tidiane Sarr & Mamadou Baïlo Camara & Brayima Dakyo & Jean Yves Parédé, 2021. "Energetic Performances Booster for Electric Vehicle Applications Using Transient Power Control and Supercapacitors-Batteries/Fuel Cell," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-22, April.
    3. Ren, Danhong & Li, Xuan & Zhao, Xinhao & Liu, Baocheng & Yang, Zhengchun & He, Jie & Li, Tong & Pan, Peng, 2022. "Development and evaluation of Zn2+ ions hybrid supercapacitor based on ZnxMnO2-CNTs cathode," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
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    5. Théophile Paul & Tedjani Mesbahi & Sylvain Durand & Damien Flieller & Wilfried Uhring, 2020. "Sizing of Lithium-Ion Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Forklift Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-18, September.
    6. Mamadou Baïlo Camara & Brayima Dakyo, 2023. "Coordinated Control of the Hybrid Electric Ship Power-Based Batteries/Supercapacitors/Variable Speed Diesel Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-20, September.
    7. Noah Lee & Chen Hon Nee & Seong Shan Yap & Kwong Keong Tham & Ah Heng You & Seong Ling Yap & Abdul Kariem Bin Mohd Arof, 2022. "Capacity Sizing of Embedded Control Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-14, May.
    8. Mario Marchesoni & Massimiliano Passalacqua & Luis Vaccaro, 2020. "A Refined Loss Evaluation of a Three-Switch Double Input DC-DC Converter for Hybrid Vehicle Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, January.
    9. Manfred Dollinger & Gerhard Fischerauer, 2023. "Physics-Based Prediction for the Consumption and Emissions of Passenger Vehicles and Light Trucks up to 2050," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-29, April.
    10. Giuseppe De Lorenzo & Raffaele Giuseppe Agostino & Petronilla Fragiacomo, 2022. "Dynamic Electric Simulation Model of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer System for Hydrogen Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-15, September.
    11. Alessandro Serpi & Mario Porru, 2019. "Modelling and Design of Real-Time Energy Management Systems for Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-21, November.
    12. Warren S. Vaz, 2020. "Multiobjective Optimization of a Residential Grid-Tied Solar System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-15, October.

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