IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v12y2019i21p4118-d281148.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Economic and Spatial Determinants of Energy Consumption in the European Union

Author

Listed:
  • Jorge Flores-Chamba

    (Macroeconomics and Economic Policy Research Line, School of Economics, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador)

  • Michelle López-Sánchez

    (Macroeconomics and Economic Policy Research Line, School of Economics, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador)

  • Pablo Ponce

    (Macroeconomics and Economic Policy Research Line, School of Economics, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador)

  • Patricia Guerrero-Riofrío

    (Macroeconomics and Economic Policy Research Line, School of Economics, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador)

  • José Álvarez-García

    (Financial Economy and Accounting Department, Faculty of Business, Finance and Tourism, University of Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain)

Abstract

In recent decades, various policies have been implemented to reduce energy consumption, as well as a considerable increase in research that analyzes the determinants of energy consumption, both with a standard feature, mitigating environmental degradation. However, few studies investigate the economic and spatial determinants of energy consumption in the European Union (EU). Therefore, to cover the knowledge gap, based on the review of the existing literature, this document is designed to analyze the determinants and energy policy in energy consumption in the EU. For this reason, the objective of this research is to analyze the effect of human capital, the price of oil, and Kyoto Protocol policy on energy consumption. In addition, the effect of contiguity and spatial concentration on energy consumption is studied for 34 European countries, of which 26 belong to the EU, for the period 2000–2016. For this, data collected from the World Bank (2017) and the World Energy Statistical Review (2017) were used. The work methodology is based on the application of econometric techniques for panel data, and spatial econometrics, based on the application of a Spatial Durbin Model (SDM), through which the existence of “spillovers” was determined in the implementation of the energy policy. The results of the estimates show a negative effect of the price of oil and human capital concerning energy consumption, and the variable “Policy” reflects a reduction in the energy consumption of the EU countries in the period analyzed. Additionally, the space panel confirms that the behavior of a country’s energy consumption depends on its past values and the level of consumption presented by its neighbors, corroborating the importance of territorial contiguity in the success of environmental policy in the case of the European Union.

Suggested Citation

  • Jorge Flores-Chamba & Michelle López-Sánchez & Pablo Ponce & Patricia Guerrero-Riofrío & José Álvarez-García, 2019. "Economic and Spatial Determinants of Energy Consumption in the European Union," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:21:p:4118-:d:281148
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/21/4118/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/21/4118/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Moshiri, Saeed & Martinez Santillan, Miguel Alfonso, 2018. "The welfare effects of energy price changes due to energy market reform in Mexico," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 663-672.
    2. Labandeira, Xavier & Labeaga, José M. & López-Otero, Xiral, 2017. "A meta-analysis on the price elasticity of energy demand," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 549-568.
    3. Indre Siksnelyte & Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, 2019. "Achievements of the European Union Countries in Seeking a Sustainable Electricity Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-16, June.
    4. Salim, Ruhul & Yao, Yao & Chen, George S., 2017. "Does human capital matter for energy consumption in China?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 49-59.
    5. Li, Ke & Lin, Boqiang, 2016. "Impact of energy technology patents in China: Evidence from a panel cointegration and error correction model," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 214-223.
    6. Luis D. del Corral Morales & Roula Inglesi-Lotz, 2017. "The effect of education on a country’s energy consumption: Evidence from developed and developing countries," Working Papers 678, Economic Research Southern Africa.
    7. Fang, Zheng & Chang, Youngho, 2016. "Energy, human capital and economic growth in Asia Pacific countries — Evidence from a panel cointegration and causality analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 177-184.
    8. Sohag, Kazi & Begum, Rawshan Ara & Abdullah, Sharifah Mastura Syed & Jaafar, Mokhtar, 2015. "Dynamics of energy use, technological innovation, economic growth and trade openness in Malaysia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1497-1507.
    9. Salim, Ruhul A. & Hassan, Kamrul & Shafiei, Sahar, 2014. "Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic activities: Further evidence from OECD countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 350-360.
    10. Yuan, Chaoqing & Liu, Sifeng & Wu, Junlong, 2010. "The relationship among energy prices and energy consumption in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 197-207, January.
    11. Hausman, Jerry, 2015. "Specification tests in econometrics," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 38(2), pages 112-134.
    12. Coers, Robin & Sanders, Mark, 2013. "The energy–GDP nexus; addressing an old question with new methods," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 708-715.
    13. Huang, Bwo-Nung & Hwang, M.J. & Yang, C.W., 2008. "Causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP growth revisited: A dynamic panel data approach," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(1), pages 41-54, August.
    14. Roula Inglesi-Lotz & Luis Diez del Corral Morales, 2017. "The Effect of Education on a Country’s Energy Consumption: Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries," Working Papers 201733, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
    15. Moshiri, Saeed, 2015. "The effects of the energy price reform on households consumption in Iran," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 177-188.
    16. Hao, Yu & Peng, Hui, 2017. "On the convergence in China's provincial per capita energy consumption: New evidence from a spatial econometric analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 31-43.
    17. Jiang, Lei & Folmer, Henk & Ji, Minhe & Zhou, P., 2018. "Revisiting cross-province energy intensity convergence in China: A spatial panel analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 252-263.
    18. Rajbhandari, Ashish & Zhang, Fan, 2018. "Does energy efficiency promote economic growth? Evidence from a multicountry and multisectoral panel dataset," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 128-139.
    19. Pan, Guangsheng & Gu, Wei & Wu, Zhi & Lu, Yuping & Lu, Shuai, 2019. "Optimal design and operation of multi-energy system with load aggregator considering nodal energy prices," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 280-295.
    20. Lv, Yulan & Chen, Wei & Cheng, Jianquan, 2019. "Modelling dynamic impacts of urbanization on disaggregated energy consumption in China: A spatial Durbin modelling and decomposition approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    21. Leng Wong, Siang & Chia, Wai-Mun & Chang, Youngho, 2013. "Energy consumption and energy R&D in OECD: Perspectives from oil prices and economic growth," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1581-1590.
    22. Yu Hao & Zirui Huang & Haitao Wu, 2019. "Do Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth Decouple in China? An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, June.
    23. Arbex, Marcelo & Perobelli, Fernando S., 2010. "Solow meets Leontief: Economic growth and energy consumption," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 43-53, January.
    24. Miller, Mark & Alberini, Anna, 2016. "Sensitivity of price elasticity of demand to aggregation, unobserved heterogeneity, price trends, and price endogeneity: Evidence from U.S. Data," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 235-249.
    25. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Chiu, Yi-Bin, 2013. "Modeling OECD energy demand: An international panel smooth transition error-correction model," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 372-383.
    26. Pablo-Romero, María del P. & Sánchez-Braza, Antonio, 2015. "Productive energy use and economic growth: Energy, physical and human capital relationships," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 420-429.
    27. Jiang, Lei & Folmer, Henk & Ji, Minhe, 2014. "The drivers of energy intensity in China: A spatial panel data approach," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 351-360.
    28. Sugra Ingilab Humbatova & Natig Qadim-Oglu Hajiyev, 2019. "Oil Factor in Economic Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-40, April.
    29. Huang, Junbing & Du, Dan & Hao, Yu, 2017. "The driving forces of the change in China's energy intensity: An empirical research using DEA-Malmquist and spatial panel estimations," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 41-50.
    30. Xu Liu & Jiang Lin & Junfeng Hu & Hongyou Lu & Jiaru Cai, 2019. "Economic Transition, Technology Change, and Energy Consumption in China: A Provincial-Level Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-16, July.
    31. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Gozgor, Giray & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2019. "Human capital and export diversification as new determinants of energy demand in the United States," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 335-349.
    32. Pirlogea, Corina & Cicea, Claudiu, 2012. "Econometric perspective of the energy consumption and economic growth relation in European Union," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 5718-5726.
    33. Han, Feng & Xie, Rui & Fang, Jiayu, 2018. "Urban agglomeration economies and industrial energy efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 45-59.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha & Nicholas Ngepah, 2022. "Disaggregating the environmental effects of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in South Africa: fresh evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 1767-1814, August.
    2. Francisco Sánchez-Cubo & José Mondéjar-Jiménez & Alejandro García-Pozo & Guillermo Ceballos-Santamaría, 2021. "A Study of the Wages in the Spanish Energy Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-10, July.
    3. Pablo Ponce & José Álvarez-García & Mary Cumbicus & María de la Cruz del Río-Rama, 2021. "Spatial Externalities of Income Inequality on Security in Latin America," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-19, January.
    4. Munir Ahmad & Heng Li & Muhammad Khalid Anser & Abdul Rehman & Zeeshan Fareed & Qingyou Yan & Gul Jabeen, 2021. "Are the intensity of energy use, land agglomeration, CO2 emissions, and economic progress dynamically interlinked across development levels?," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(4), pages 690-721, June.
    5. The Nguyen Huynh, 2022. "Dynamic spatial effects of determinants of foreign direct investment: A case of the southern key economic region of Vietnam," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(3), pages 436-454, September.
    6. Ioannis Dokas & Minas Panagiotidis & Stephanos Papadamou & Eleftherios Spyromitros, 2022. "The Determinants of Energy and Electricity Consumption in Developed and Developing Countries: International Evidence," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-30, March.
    7. Heri Bezić & Davor Mance & Davorin Balaž, 2022. "Panel Evidence from EU Countries on CO 2 Emission Indicators during the Fourth Industrial Revolution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-25, October.
    8. Katarzyna Chudy-Laskowska & Tomasz Pisula, 2023. "Forecasting Household Energy Consumption in European Union Countries: An Econometric Modelling Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-21, July.
    9. Daniela Nicoleta Sahlian & Adriana Florina Popa & Raluca Florentina Creţu, 2021. "Does the Increase in Renewable Energy Influence GDP Growth? An EU-28 Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-16, August.
    10. Sajid Mehmood & Serguey A. Maximov & Hannah Chalmers & Daniel Friedrich, 2020. "Energetic, Economic and Environmental (3E) Assessment and Design of Solar-Powered HVAC Systems in Pakistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-25, August.
    11. Anna Komarnicka & Anna Murawska, 2021. "Comparison of Consumption and Renewable Sources of Energy in European Union Countries—Sectoral Indicators, Economic Conditions and Environmental Impacts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-24, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yao, Yao & Ivanovski, Kris & Inekwe, John & Smyth, Russell, 2019. "Human capital and energy consumption: Evidence from OECD countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    2. Salim, Ruhul & Yao, Yao & Chen, George S., 2017. "Does human capital matter for energy consumption in China?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 49-59.
    3. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Gozgor, Giray & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2019. "Human capital and export diversification as new determinants of energy demand in the United States," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 335-349.
    4. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Song, Malin & Ahmad, Shabbir & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2022. "Does economic growth stimulate energy consumption? The role of human capital and R&D expenditures in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    5. Khan, Zeeshan & Malik, Muhammad Yousaf & Latif, Kashmala & Jiao, Zhilun, 2020. "Heterogeneous effect of eco-innovation and human capital on renewable & non-renewable energy consumption: Disaggregate analysis for G-7 countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    6. Nadia Hanif & Noman Arshed & Osama Aziz, 2020. "On interaction of the energy: Human capital Kuznets curve? A case for technology innovation," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(8), pages 7559-7586, December.
    7. Pereira Uhr, Daniel de Abreu & Squarize Chagas, André Luis & Ziero Uhr, Júlia Gallego, 2019. "Estimation of elasticities for electricity demand in Brazilian households and policy implications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 69-79.
    8. Hondroyiannis, George & Papapetrou, Evangelia & Tsalaporta, Pinelopi, 2022. "New insights on the contribution of human capital to environmental degradation: Evidence from heterogeneous and cross-correlated countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    9. Yiping Gao & Rong Yuan & Shenglin Zheng, 2022. "Effects of Human Capital on Energy Consumption: The Role of Income Inequality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-17, December.
    10. Fang, Zheng & Chen, Yang, 2017. "Human capital and energy in economic growth – Evidence from Chinese provincial data," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 340-358.
    11. Anastasia Chondrogianni & Pinelopi Tsalaporta, 2023. "Reversing environmental deterioration: the role of human capital in developing countries," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 1585-1599, June.
    12. AM Priyangani Adikari & Haiyun Liu & DMSLB Dissanayake & Manjula Ranagalage, 2023. "Human Capital and Carbon Emissions: The Way forward Reducing Environmental Degradation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, February.
    13. Salim, Ruhul & Yao, Yao & Chen, George & Zhang, Lin, 2017. "Can foreign direct investment harness energy consumption in China? A time series investigation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 43-53.
    14. Huang, Yongming & Ahmad, Maaz & Ali, Sher & Kirikkaleli, Dervis, 2022. "Does eco-innovation promote cleaner energy? Analyzing the role of energy price and human capital," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    15. Wu, Shu & Ding, Song, 2021. "Efficiency improvement, structural change, and energy intensity reduction: Evidence from Chinese agricultural sector," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    16. Chen, Yang & Fang, Zheng, 2018. "Industrial electricity consumption, human capital investment and economic growth in Chinese cities," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 205-219.
    17. Fang, Jianchun & Gozgor, Giray & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Mallick, Hrushikesh & Padhan, Hemachandra, 2022. "Does urbanisation induce renewable energy consumption in emerging economies? The role of education in energy switching policies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    18. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Hoang, Thi Hong Van & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Roubaud, David, 2017. "Energy consumption, financial development and economic growth in India: New evidence from a nonlinear and asymmetric analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 199-212.
    19. Abudureheman, Maliyamu & Jiang, Qingzhe & Dong, Xiucheng & Dong, Cong, 2022. "Spatial effects of dynamic comprehensive energy efficiency on CO2 reduction in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    20. Cong Khai Dinh & Quang Thanh Ngo & Trung Thanh Nguyen, 2021. "Medium- and High-Tech Export and Renewable Energy Consumption: Non-Linear Evidence from the ASEAN Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-16, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:21:p:4118-:d:281148. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.