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Sources of Financial Development and Their Impact on FDI Inflow: A Panel Data Analysis of Middle-Income Economies

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  • Mohammad Anamul Haque

    (School of Finance, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Zhang Biqiong

    (School of Finance, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Muhammad Usman Arshad

    (Department of Commerce, University of Gujrat Hafiz-Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan)

Abstract

The present research aimed to investigate the long-run and short-run effects of different sources of financial development on FDI inflow for middle-income economies during the period of study, 1980 to 2020. An annual frequency of data was obtained for the required set of variables from WDI and the IMF. The estimations revealed no cross-sectional dependence, a significant cointegration, and the stationarity of FDI inflow at first difference, while the explanatory and controlled variables were as mixed level. It validated the panel ARDL estimations methods such as mean group, pooled mean group, and a dynamic fixed effect for testing the required set of hypotheses. The Hausman test confirmed the consistency and efficiency of the dynamic fixed effect as the method of estimations. The panel estimations revealed the significance of financial market development, inflation rate, trade openness, and real economic growth as the most critical factors for FDI inflow in middle-income economies. The policymakers should consider these factors for making their policies regarding FDI inflow in their economies. Future research may consider time series ARDL for each independent middle-income country. The findings of the study are generalized only to middle-income economies rather than higher-income and lower-income countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Anamul Haque & Zhang Biqiong & Muhammad Usman Arshad, 2022. "Sources of Financial Development and Their Impact on FDI Inflow: A Panel Data Analysis of Middle-Income Economies," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:10:y:2022:i:8:p:182-:d:874263
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohammad Anamul Haque & Syed Mehmood Raza Shah & Muhammad Usman Arshad, 2022. "Sustainable Economic Growth and FDI Inflow: A Comparative Panel Econometric Analysis of Low-Income and Middle-Income Nations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Lei Gao & Jingran Zhang & Yu Tian & Xinyu Liu & Shuxin Guan & Yuhong Wu, 2023. "Study on the Impact of Collaborative Agglomeration of Manufacturing and Producer Services on PM 2.5 Pollution: Evidence from Urban Agglomerations in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-18, February.
    3. Chibalamula, Haggai Chibale & Evans, Yeboah & Kachelo, Mukuka & Bamwesigye, Dastan, 2023. "The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness on Economic Growth: Evidence from Five African Countries," AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, vol. 15(1), January.

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