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The Relationship between Environmental Characteristics and Risk Management Practices on Produce Farms: A Systematic Literature Review

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  • Dilhani Nisansala Jayawardhana

    (223 Poole Agricultural Center, Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Box 340316, Clemson, SC 29634-0316, USA)

  • Loan Thi Thanh Cao

    (Research Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City 721400, Vietnam)

  • Thomas A. Yeargin

    (Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, 1371 West Altheimer Dr, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA)

  • Kristen E. Gibson

    (Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, 1371 West Altheimer Dr, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA)

  • Angela M. Fraser

    (223 Poole Agricultural Center, Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Box 340316, Clemson, SC 29634-0316, USA)

Abstract

Produce-associated foodborne disease outbreaks have increased worldwide highlighting the importance of proper implementation of risk management practices (RMP). We determined the relationship between environmental characteristics (i.e., physical resources) of produce farms and implementation of RMP. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses principles, we identified 36 studies to include in our analysis. Most study data were collected through surveys administered to growers in developed countries. Quality assessment results showed that studies on this topic should be more rigorously conducted (e.g., powering sample sizes and training data collectors) to yield better quality evidence. Agricultural waters were the most common environmental characteristic assessed, with many farms using unsafe water sources. Hygiene aids (e.g., accessible handwashing facilities), were lacking across many farms. Animal intrusion RMP were the least commonly assessed environmental characteristic. Only one study tested the relationship between on-farm environmental characteristics and RMP implementation reporting a positive relationship between accessible handwashing and worker hygiene practices. Grower knowledge and perception of RMP combined with cost and ease in carrying out RMP might influence the availability of physical resources for proper RMP implementation. These results can inform practical interventions aimed to increase adoption of RMP on produce farms.

Suggested Citation

  • Dilhani Nisansala Jayawardhana & Loan Thi Thanh Cao & Thomas A. Yeargin & Kristen E. Gibson & Angela M. Fraser, 2020. "The Relationship between Environmental Characteristics and Risk Management Practices on Produce Farms: A Systematic Literature Review," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:10:y:2020:i:12:p:577-:d:450014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jason Parker & Robyn Wilson & Jeffrey LeJeune & Douglas Doohan, 2012. "Including growers in the “food safety” conversation: enhancing the design and implementation of food safety programming based on farm and marketing needs of fresh fruit and vegetable producers," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 29(3), pages 303-319, September.
    2. Gelting, Richard J. & Baloch, Mansoor A. & Zarate-Bermudez, Max A. & Selman, Carol, 2011. "Irrigation water issues potentially related to the 2006 multistate E. coli O157:H7 outbreak associated with spinach," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(9), pages 1395-1402, July.
    3. Woods, Mollie & Thornsbury, Suzanne, 2005. "Costs of Adopting Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) to Ensure Food Safety in Fresh Strawberries," Agricultural Economic Report Series 10934, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.
    4. Bovay, John & Ferrier, Peyton & Zhen, Chen, 2018. "Estimated Costs for Fruit and Vegetable Producers To Comply With the Food Safety Modernization Act’s Produce Rule," Economic Information Bulletin 276220, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
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