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Minority workers in the Tenth District: rising presence, rising challenges

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Author Info
Chad R. Wilkerson
Megan D. Williams

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Abstract

The population of the Tenth Federal Reserve District has become increasingly diverse in recent decades. Since 1970, the share of ethnic and racial minorities in the district has nearly doubled, reaching 25 percent of the area's population in 2005. Minority job situations and earnings have long been topics of national interest for economic researchers and public policymakers. Further, minority workers are a rapidly growing part of the district's labor force and thus a vital resource for district businesses. ; Wilkerson and Williams consider the jobs and earnings of Tenth District minority groups, both for today and over the next five to ten years. After detailing the growth, location, and size of minority groups, they examine the current pay and occupations of minority workers. Next, they explore the five-to-ten-year outlook for jobs held by minorities and compare it with projections for the future supply of minority workers in the district. Finally, they address implications of the findings for minority workers. ; The authors find that the district's three largest minority groups - Hispanics, blacks, and Native Americans - are much less concentrated in high-paying occupations than are non-Hispanic whites. High-paying jobs generally require higher skill and educational levels - advantages that these three minority groups often lack. Moreover, the five-to-ten-year outlook for jobs held by these groups is not as bright as the outlook for jobs held by non-Hispanic whites, when both expected quantity and quality of future job growth are taken into account. More education will be needed to boost both the long-term and short-term job prospects for minorities in the Tenth District.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City in its journal Economic Review.

Volume (Year): (2006)
Issue (Month): Q IV ()
Pages: 31-59
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fedker:y:2006:i:qiv:p:31-59:n:v.91no.4

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Keywords: Minorities - Employment ; Federal Reserve District; 10th;

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. George J. Borjas & Jeffrey Grogger & Gordon H. Hanson, 2006. "Immigration and African-American Employment Opportunities: The Response of Wages, Employment, and Incarceration to Labor Supply Shocks," NBER Working Papers 12518, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Hurst, Michael, 1997. "The determinants of earnings differentials for indigenous Americans: Human capital, location, or discrimination?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 787-807. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Paul E. Gabriel, 2004. "Differences in earnings, skills and labour market experience among young black and white men," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 11(6), pages 337-341, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Altonji, Joseph G & Dunn, Thomas A, 1996. "The Effects of Family Characteristics on the Return to Education," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 78(4), pages 692-704, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. John Bound & Richard B. Freeman, 1991. "What Went Wrong? The Erosion of Relative Earnings and Employment Among Young Black Men in the 1980s," NBER Working Papers 3778, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  6. Chiswick, Barry R & Miller, Paul W, 1995. "The Endogeneity between Language and Earnings: International Analyses," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 13(2), pages 246-88, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. June E. O'Neill & Dave M. O'Neill, 2005. "What Do Wage Differentials Tell Us about Labor Market Discrimination?," NBER Working Papers 11240, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Deborah Anderson & David Shapiro, 1996. "Racial differences in access to high-paying jobs and the wage gap between black and white women," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, ILR Review, ILR School, Cornell University, vol. 49(2), pages 273-286, January.
  9. William R. Keeton & Geoffrey B. Newton, 2006. "Migration in the Tenth District : long-term trends and current developments," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, issue Q III, pages 33-74. [Downloadable!]
  10. Darity, William A, Jr & Mason, Patrick L, 1998. "Evidence on Discrimination in Employment: Codes of Color, Codes of Gender," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 12(2), pages 63-90, Spring. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Trejo, Stephen J, 1997. "Why Do Mexican Americans Earn Low Wages?," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 105(6), pages 1235-68, December.
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  12. Neal, Derek A & Johnson, William R, 1996. "The Role of Premarket Factors in Black-White Wage Differences," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 104(5), pages 869-95, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. Harry J. Holzer, 1998. "Employer skill demands and labor market outcomes of blacks and women," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, ILR Review, ILR School, Cornell University, vol. 52(1), pages 82-98, October.
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Chad R. Wilkerson & Megan D. Williams, 2007. "The Tenth District's defining industries: how are they changing?," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, issue Q III, pages 59-81. [Downloadable!]
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