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Comparing domestic water heating technologies

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  • Leidl, Chantelle M.
  • David Lubitz, W.

Abstract

Solar water heaters (SWH) and drain water heat recovery (DWHR) systems are two household technologies currently available in the marketplace that can lower usage of utility-supplied energy. While there is considerable interest in utilizing these technologies to reduce energy costs and environmental impact, actual implementation of these systems in houses remains low. This study examines possible reasons for this low adoption rate using Guelph (Ontario) as a case study representative of medium-sized Canadian cities. A model was created to determine the implementation rate required for each technology to meet the goals of Guelph's Community Energy Plan and the level of financial incentive required to achieve the desired implementation rate. Water conservation and the need to address both new development and the existing housing stock emerge as critical factors. Solar water heating was found to require significantly higher subsidies than drain pipe heat recovery, corresponding to a higher cost per unit of energy saved. Non-economic factors that reduce the adoption rate of new technology are discussed, and it is observed that a need for community education related to the new technologies and inertia associated with current water heating technology are the primary factors for adoption rates below levels predicted based on economics alone.

Suggested Citation

  • Leidl, Chantelle M. & David Lubitz, W., 2009. "Comparing domestic water heating technologies," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 244-256.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:teinso:v:31:y:2009:i:3:p:244-256
    DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2009.06.005
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    1. Plappally, A.K. & Lienhard V, J.H., 2012. "Energy requirements for water production, treatment, end use, reclamation, and disposal," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 4818-4848.
    2. Bertrand, Alexandre & Aggoune, Riad & Maréchal, François, 2017. "In-building waste water heat recovery: An urban-scale method for the characterisation of water streams and the assessment of energy savings and costs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 110-125.
    3. Beata Piotrowska & Daniel Słyś & Sabina Kordana-Obuch & Kamil Pochwat, 2020. "Critical Analysis of the Current State of Knowledge in the Field of Waste Heat Recovery in Sewage Systems," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-14, June.
    4. Cubillos-González, Rolando-Arturo & Cardoso, Grace Tibério, 2021. "Affordable housing and clean technology transfer in construction firms in Brazil," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    5. Sabina Kordana-Obuch & Mariusz Starzec & Michał Wojtoń & Daniel Słyś, 2023. "Greywater as a Future Sustainable Energy and Water Source: Bibliometric Mapping of Current Knowledge and Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-34, January.
    6. Sabina Kordana-Obuch & Michał Wojtoń & Mariusz Starzec & Beata Piotrowska, 2023. "Opportunities and Challenges for Research on Heat Recovery from Wastewater: Bibliometric and Strategic Analyses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-36, September.
    7. Elías-Maxil, J.A. & van der Hoek, Jan Peter & Hofman, Jan & Rietveld, Luuk, 2014. "Energy in the urban water cycle: Actions to reduce the total expenditure of fossil fuels with emphasis on heat reclamation from urban water," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 808-820.
    8. Kranzl, Lukas & Kalt, Gerald & Müller, Andreas & Hummel, Marcus & Egger, Christiane & Öhlinger, Christine & Dell, Gerhard, 2013. "Renewable energy in the heating sector in Austria with particular reference to the region of Upper Austria," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 17-31.

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