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Were black entrepreneurs displaced from the retail trade by white immigrant merchants? A study of northern cities in the early twentieth century

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  • Boyd, Robert L.

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  • Boyd, Robert L., 2003. "Were black entrepreneurs displaced from the retail trade by white immigrant merchants? A study of northern cities in the early twentieth century," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 447-455, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:soceco:v:32:y:2003:i:4:p:447-455
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Higgs, Robert, 1976. "Participation of blacks and immigrants in the American Merchant class, 1890-1910: Some demographic relations," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 153-164, April.
    2. Maloney, Thomas N., 2001. "Migration and Economic Opportunity in the 1910s: New Evidence on African-American Occupational Mobility in the North," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 147-165, January.
    3. Collins, Wiiliam J., 1997. "When the Tide Turned: Immigration and the Delay of the Great Black Migration," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 57(3), pages 607-632, September.
    4. Robert W. Fairlie & Bruce D. Meyer, "undated". "Does Immigration Hurt African-American Self-Employment?," IPR working papers 97-1, Institute for Policy Resarch at Northwestern University.
    5. Robert W. Fairlie & Bruce D. Meyer, 2000. "Trends in Self-Employment among White and Black Men during the Twentieth Century," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 35(4), pages 643-669.
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