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Regulatory practices and Distribution System Cost impact studies for distributed generation: Considerations for South African distribution utilities and regulators

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  • Minnaar, U.J.

Abstract

South Africa has introduced renewable energy generation to its grid by means of a competitive bidding process. This has been successful as it has quickly introduced renewable generation and has reduced the cost generation significantly over the three rounds of bids submitted. The introduction of distributed renewable generation has consequences for the operation and regulation of its Distribution networks. This paper reviews international practices to establish the cost and benefits of distributed generation to Distribution System Operators as well as regulatory rules that affect them. Impact studies for several European Distribution System operators are discussed and the main impacts of Distributed Generation on Distribution networks are identified as being voltage rise, increased fault levels, losses, reduced power flows upstream and the deferral of investments. Regulation of renewable generation in South Africa is compared with a range of European countries. South Africa has implemented a shallowish network charge regime for distributed generators. This lowers costs for generators connecting to the network, however this has introduced the risk of projects being unable to connect due to deep transmission networks that require funding.

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  • Minnaar, U.J., 2016. "Regulatory practices and Distribution System Cost impact studies for distributed generation: Considerations for South African distribution utilities and regulators," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1139-1149.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:56:y:2016:i:c:p:1139-1149
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.015
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Theo, Wai Lip & Lim, Jeng Shiun & Ho, Wai Shin & Hashim, Haslenda & Lee, Chew Tin, 2017. "Review of distributed generation (DG) system planning and optimisation techniques: Comparison of numerical and mathematical modelling methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 531-573.
    3. Castaneda, Monica & Franco, Carlos J. & Dyner, Isaac, 2017. "Evaluating the effect of technology transformation on the electricity utility industry," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 341-351.
    4. Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña & Daniel Gonzalez Montoya & Carlos Andres Ramos-Paja, 2018. "Optimal Sizing and Location of Distributed Generators Based on PBIL and PSO Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-27, April.

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