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Utilization and tourism valorisation of geothermal waters in Croatia

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  • Borović, Staša
  • Marković, Izidora

Abstract

Current situation and trends in geothermal water utilization in Croatia have been analyzed based on data gathering and observations in a period of 16 years with special attention devoted to their use for tourism purposes. Early 2014 geothermal water was utilized at 26 locations (15 springs and 11 deep boreholes) for 10 different purposes. The traditional modalities of use – recreation and balneotherapy – remain dominant. The fluctuations in the number of sites that utilized geothermal water were low and a result of temporary closure of facilities due to the necessary modernization or termination of their work because of non-profitability. The changes in geothermal water utilization during the considered period indicate stagnation in the development of this resource. Geothermal waters contain an energy potential significant for heating and cooling sector on a national scale, and for electricity generation and cascade utilization on local scale. Those could be energy self-sufficient tourism facilities with low environmental footprint, enriched by the attractions that can be provided with innovative geothermal utilization schemes. Given the untapped geothermal potential and the anticipated growth in demand for health and spa tourism, increased use of geothermal waters for this purpose can be expected. In the interest of safeguarding this valuable resource, it is important to plan sustainable utilization during each phase of geothermal site development cycle and fully implement joint management principles to transboundary geothermal aquifers by including neighbouring countries.

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  • Borović, Staša & Marković, Izidora, 2015. "Utilization and tourism valorisation of geothermal waters in Croatia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 52-63.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:44:y:2015:i:c:p:52-63
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.022
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    1. Pan, Shu-Yuan & Gao, Mengyao & Shah, Kinjal J. & Zheng, Jianming & Pei, Si-Lu & Chiang, Pen-Chi, 2019. "Establishment of enhanced geothermal energy utilization plans: Barriers and strategies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 19-32.
    2. Vulin, Domagoj & Muhasilović, Lejla & Arnaut, Maja, 2020. "Possibilities for CCUS in medium temperature geothermal reservoir," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    3. Milanović Pešić, Ana & Brankov, Jovana & Denda, Stefan & Bjeljac, Željko & Micić, Jasna, 2022. "Geothermal energy in Serbia – Current state, utilization and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    4. Calise, F. & Di Fraia, S. & Macaluso, A. & Massarotti, N. & Vanoli, L., 2018. "A geothermal energy system for wastewater sludge drying and electricity production in a small island," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 130-143.
    5. Duggal, R. & Rayudu, R. & Hinkley, J. & Burnell, J. & Wieland, C. & Keim, M., 2022. "A comprehensive review of energy extraction from low-temperature geothermal resources in hydrocarbon fields," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    6. Macenić, M. & Kurevija, T. & Medved, I., 2020. "Novel geothermal gradient map of the Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin System based on data interpretation from 154 deep exploration wells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    7. Tóth, György & Rman, Nina & Ágnes, Rotár-Szalkai & Kerékgyártó, Tamás & Szőcs, Teodóra & Lapanje, Andrej & Černák, Radovan & Remsík, Anton & Schubert, Gerhard & Nádor, Annamária, 2016. "Transboundary fresh and thermal groundwater flows in the west part of the Pannonian Basin," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 439-454.
    8. Cook, David & Davíðsdóttir, Brynhildur & Malinauskaite, Laura, 2020. "A cascade model and initial exploration of co-production processes underpinning the ecosystem services of geothermal areas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 917-927.

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