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Transesterification of crude Jatropha oil by activated carbon-supported heteropolyacid catalyst in an ultrasound-assisted reactor system

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  • Badday, Ali Sabri
  • Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi
  • Lee, Keat-Teong

Abstract

Transesterification of crude Jatropha oil in presence of tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) supported on activated carbon (AC) using ultrasound-assisted process was investigated. The generated catalysts were characterized for physical and chemical properties to examine the effects of different TPA loadings (15%, 20%, 25% w/w). The catalysts were then used in the transesterification of Jatropha oil with high free fatty acid content. The catalyst with 20% TPA loading achieved the best methyl ester yield, achieving 87.33% in just 40 min. The quality of the feed stock was varied by increasing the water content and FFA content to test the tolerance of the catalysts towards these parameters separately. The catalyst showed good water tolerance to a limit of 1% w/w and proven to be insensitive to the increment of FFA in the feed stock. The catalyst was also investigated for possible reusability and TPA leaching under ultrasonic conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Badday, Ali Sabri & Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi & Lee, Keat-Teong, 2014. "Transesterification of crude Jatropha oil by activated carbon-supported heteropolyacid catalyst in an ultrasound-assisted reactor system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 10-17.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:62:y:2014:i:c:p:10-17
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2013.06.037
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    1. Badday, Ali Sabri & Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi & Lee, Keat-Teong, 2013. "Ultrasound-assisted transesterification of crude Jatropha oil using alumina-supported heteropolyacid catalyst," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 380-388.
    2. Koh, May Ying & Mohd. Ghazi, Tinia Idaty, 2011. "A review of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas L. oil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 2240-2251, June.
    3. Badday, Ali Sabri & Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi & Lee, Keat Teong & Khayoon, Muataz Sh., 2012. "Intensification of biodiesel production via ultrasonic-assisted process: A critical review on fundamentals and recent development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 4574-4587.
    4. Leung, Dennis Y.C. & Wu, Xuan & Leung, M.K.H., 2010. "A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1083-1095, April.
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