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Ultrasound-assisted transesterification of crude Jatropha oil using alumina-supported heteropolyacid catalyst

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  • Badday, Ali Sabri
  • Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi
  • Lee, Keat-Teong

Abstract

Fatty acid methyl esters synthesis from crude Jatropha oil using an ultrasound-assisted process was investigated. Several gamma alumina (Al) supported tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) catalysts were synthesized and characterized to elucidate their catalytic behaviors. TPA loadings on the support between 15% and 35% were investigated. The catalyst with 25% loading achieved the highest yield of 64.3% in 60min. Effects of reaction time (10–50min), reaction molar ratio (5:1–25:1), ultrasonic amplitude (30–90% of the maximum sonifier power) and catalyst amount (2.5–4.5w/w oil) were investigated and optimized. Mathematical representation of FAME yield was successfully generated and statistically validated. A highest reaction yield of 84% was achieved under the optimum conditions i.e. at an ultrasonic amplitude of ∼60%, a molar ratio of 19:1 and a reaction temperature of 65°C in just 50min. Interactions between the reaction variables were also statistically validated. The catalyst was also investigated for possible reusability.

Suggested Citation

  • Badday, Ali Sabri & Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi & Lee, Keat-Teong, 2013. "Ultrasound-assisted transesterification of crude Jatropha oil using alumina-supported heteropolyacid catalyst," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 380-388.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:105:y:2013:i:c:p:380-388
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.01.028
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    6. Badday, Ali Sabri & Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi & Lee, Keat-Teong, 2014. "Transesterification of crude Jatropha oil by activated carbon-supported heteropolyacid catalyst in an ultrasound-assisted reactor system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 10-17.
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    10. Pleşu, Valentin & Subirana Puigcasas, Joan & Benet Surroca, Guillem & Bonet, Jordi & Bonet Ruiz, Alexandra E. & Tuluc, Alexandru & Llorens, Joan, 2015. "Process intensification in biodiesel production with energy reduction by pinch analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 273-287.
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