IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v50y2013icp365-372.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Road testing of a three-wheeler driven by a 5 kW PEM fuel cell in the absence and presence of batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Piumsomboon, Pornpote
  • Pruksathorn, Kejvalee
  • Hunsom, Mali
  • Tantavichet, Nisit
  • Charutawai, Krittika
  • Kittikiatsophon, Waraporn
  • Nakrumpai, Banyong
  • Sripakagorn, Angkee
  • Damrongkijkarn, Phisit

Abstract

The road testing and demonstration of a three-wheeler vehicle driven by a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was carried out in the absence and presence of lead acid batteries. Prior to integrating the PEMFC module and batteries in the three-wheeler, they were tested and demonstrated separately. The PEMFC module had a very fast response as the load was manually or, especially, automatically changed and it could supply a continuous power when the reactant was supplied continuously. In contrast, the 5 kW lead acid batteries alone could supply power for no longer than 300 s. In the presence of both the PEMFC module and batteries, when the drawing power was in the range of the PEMFC module capacity the propulsion motor gained its energy from the PEMFC module only, whilst the stack power output at all conditions was greater than the setting power of approximately 400 W. After integrating the PEMFC module and batteries into the three-wheeler, both energy sources were found to power the vehicle effectively. The motor power as well as the stack power changed as a linear proportion to the throttle. The motor consumed more power in case of high speed driving, take off or hill climbing, while it used only 0.354 kW in the absence of throttle. The hybrid system can achieve a maximum speed in this three-wheeler of around 24.9 km/h with a hydrogen consumption of 11 g H2/km (71 g H2/kWh) and an operating cost of 1.99 USD/km. The thermodynamic efficiency of the vehicle was 42.9%.

Suggested Citation

  • Piumsomboon, Pornpote & Pruksathorn, Kejvalee & Hunsom, Mali & Tantavichet, Nisit & Charutawai, Krittika & Kittikiatsophon, Waraporn & Nakrumpai, Banyong & Sripakagorn, Angkee & Damrongkijkarn, Phisit, 2013. "Road testing of a three-wheeler driven by a 5 kW PEM fuel cell in the absence and presence of batteries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 365-372.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:50:y:2013:i:c:p:365-372
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.07.009
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148112004351
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2012.07.009?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Offer, G.J. & Howey, D. & Contestabile, M. & Clague, R. & Brandon, N.P., 2010. "Comparative analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 24-29, January.
    2. Romm, Joseph, 2006. "The car and fuel of the future," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(17), pages 2609-2614, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pei, Pucheng & Meng, Yining & Chen, Dongfang & Ren, Peng & Wang, Mingkai & Wang, Xizhong, 2023. "Lifetime prediction method of proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on current degradation law," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    2. F. Isorna Llerena & E. López González & J. J. Caparrós Mancera & F. Segura Manzano & J. M. Andújar, 2021. "Hydrogen vs. Battery-Based Propulsion Systems in Unipersonal Vehicles—Developing Solutions to Improve the Sustainability of Urban Mobility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-16, May.
    3. Wager, Guido & McHenry, Mark P. & Whale, Jonathan & Bräunl, Thomas, 2014. "Testing energy efficiency and driving range of electric vehicles in relation to gear selection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 303-312.
    4. Hemmati, Reza & Saboori, Hedayat, 2016. "Emergence of hybrid energy storage systems in renewable energy and transport applications – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 11-23.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nilsson, Måns & Nykvist, Björn, 2016. "Governing the electric vehicle transition – Near term interventions to support a green energy economy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1360-1371.
    2. Demeulenaere, Xavier, 2019. "The use of automotive fleets to support the diffusion of Alternative Fuel Vehicles: A Rapid Evidence Assessment of barriers and decision mechanisms," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    3. Dong-Shang Chang & Sheng-Hung Chen & Chia-Wei Hsu & Allen H. Hu & Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng, 2015. "Evaluation Framework for Alternative Fuel Vehicles: Sustainable Development Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-25, August.
    4. Mansour, Charbel J. & Haddad, Marc G., 2017. "Well-to-wheel assessment for informing transition strategies to low-carbon fuel-vehicles in developing countries dependent on fuel imports: A case-study of road transport in Lebanon," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 167-181.
    5. Sajib Chakraborty & Hai-Nam Vu & Mohammed Mahedi Hasan & Dai-Duong Tran & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Omar Hegazy, 2019. "DC-DC Converter Topologies for Electric Vehicles, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Fast Charging Stations: State of the Art and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-43, April.
    6. Peng Cheng & Zhe Ouyang & Yang Liu, 0. "The effect of information overload on the intention of consumers to adopt electric vehicles," Transportation, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-20.
    7. Das, Himadry Shekhar & Tan, Chee Wei & Yatim, A.H.M., 2017. "Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles: A review on power conditioning units and topologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 268-291.
    8. Kristoffersen, Trine Krogh & Capion, Karsten & Meibom, Peter, 2011. "Optimal charging of electric drive vehicles in a market environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(5), pages 1940-1948, May.
    9. Chung, Sung Hoon & Kwon, Changhyun, 2015. "Multi-period planning for electric car charging station locations: A case of Korean Expressways," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 242(2), pages 677-687.
    10. Shiau, Ching-Shin Norman & Samaras, Constantine & Hauffe, Richard & Michalek, Jeremy J., 2009. "Impact of battery weight and charging patterns on the economic and environmental benefits of plug-in hybrid vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(7), pages 2653-2663, July.
    11. Behiri, Walid & Belmokhtar-Berraf, Sana & Chu, Chengbin, 2018. "Urban freight transport using passenger rail network: Scientific issues and quantitative analysis," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 227-245.
    12. Ruffini, Eleonora & Wei, Max, 2018. "Future costs of fuel cell electric vehicles in California using a learning rate approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 329-341.
    13. Mediavilla, Margarita & de Castro, Carlos & Capellán, Iñigo & Javier Miguel, Luis & Arto, Iñaki & Frechoso, Fernando, 2013. "The transition towards renewable energies: Physical limits and temporal conditions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 297-311.
    14. Gilbert, Richard & Perl, Anthony, 2007. "Grid-connected vehicles as the core of future land-based transport systems," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 3053-3060, May.
    15. Tsita, Katerina G. & Pilavachi, Petros A., 2012. "Evaluation of alternative fuels for the Greek road transport sector using the analytic hierarchy process," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 677-686.
    16. Zhang, Yong & Yu, Yifeng & Zou, Bai, 2011. "Analyzing public awareness and acceptance of alternative fuel vehicles in China: The case of EV," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(11), pages 7015-7024.
    17. Veronika Kulmer, 2013. "Promoting alternative, environmentally friendly passenger transport technologies: Directed technological change in a bottom-up/top-down CGE model," Graz Economics Papers 2013-02, University of Graz, Department of Economics.
    18. Hasan-Basri, Bakti & Mohd Mustafa, Muzafarshah & Bakar, Normizan, 2019. "Are Malaysian Consumers Willing to Pay for Hybrid Cars’ Attributes?," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 53(1), pages 121-134.
    19. Shaohua Cui & Hui Zhao & Cuiping Zhang, 2018. "Locating Charging Stations of Various Sizes with Different Numbers of Chargers for Battery Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-22, November.
    20. Gianmarco Gottardo & Andrea Basso Peressut & Silvia Colnago & Saverio Latorrata & Luigi Piegari & Giovanni Dotelli, 2023. "LCA of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Considering Different Power System Architectures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-19, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:50:y:2013:i:c:p:365-372. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.