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Human and animal power – The forgotten renewables

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  • Fuller, R.J.
  • Aye, Lu

Abstract

Globally, there is still widespread dependence on traditional forms of energy, and human and animal power still contribute a significant proportion of the energy used in the rural areas of developing countries. After biomass, they are the most important energy sources for their populations. On a global scale, the energy contributed by human and animal power is estimated to be twice that of wind power and 13% of hydro, the largest single contributor of the renewable energy sources. This paper therefore argues that human and animal power should be included in the ‘family’ of renewable energy sources of solar, wind, hydro and biomass. There are numerous opportunities to improve the efficiency (and output) of hand, foot and animal-powered equipment. Improvements in these technologies will help to reduce the drudgery and hardship of everyday life of those who do not have access to modern forms of energy.

Suggested Citation

  • Fuller, R.J. & Aye, Lu, 2012. "Human and animal power – The forgotten renewables," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 326-332.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:48:y:2012:i:c:p:326-332
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.04.054
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Karekezi, Stephen & Kithyoma, Waeni, 2002. "Renewable energy strategies for rural Africa: is a PV-led renewable energy strategy the right approach for providing modern energy to the rural poor of sub-Saharan Africa?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(11-12), pages 1071-1086, September.
    2. Alam, M.S & Roychowdhury, A & Waliuzzaman, K.M & Huq, A.M.Z, 1999. "Energy flow in the family farming system of a traditional village in Bangladesh," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 24(6), pages 537-545.
    3. Nkakini, S.O. & Ayotamuno, M.J. & Maeba, G.P.D. & Ogaji, S.O.T. & Probert, S.D., 2007. "Manually-powered continuous-flow maize-sheller," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(12), pages 1175-1186, December.
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