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Economic analysis and optimization of a renewable energy based power supply system with different energy storages for a remote island

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  • Javed, Muhammad Shahzad
  • Ma, Tao
  • Jurasz, Jakub
  • Canales, Fausto A.
  • Lin, Shaoquan
  • Ahmed, Salman
  • Zhang, Yijie

Abstract

This study investigates and compares the various combinations of renewable energies (solar, wind) and storage technologies (battery, pumped hydro storage, hybrid storage) for an off-grid power supply system. Four configurations (i.e., single RE source system, double RE source system, single storage, and double storage system) based on two scenarios (self-discharge equal to 0% and 1%) are considered, and their operational performance is compared and analyzed. The energy management strategy created for the hybrid pumped battery storage (HPBS) considers that batteries cover low energy surplus/shortages while pumped hydro storage (PHS) is the primary energy storage device for serving high-energy generations/deficits. The developed mathematical model is optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization and the performance and results of the optimizer are discussed in particular detail. The results evidence that self-discharge has a significant impact on the cost of energy (13%–50%) for all configurations due to the substantial increase in renewable energy (RE) generators size compared to the energy storage capacity. Even though solar-wind-PHS is the cost-optimal arrangement, it exhibits lower reliability when compared to solar-wind-HPBS. The study reveals the significance of HPBS in the off-grid RE environment, allowing more flexible energy management, enabling to guarantee a 100% power supply with minimum cost and reducing energy curtailment. Additionally, this study presents and discuss the results of a sensitivity analysis conducted by varying load demand and energy balance of all considered configurations is performed, which reveals the effectiveness of the supplementary functionality of both storages in hybrid mode. Overall, the role of energy storage in hybrid mode improved, and the total energy covered by hybrid storage increased (48%), which reduced the direct dependency on variable RE generation.

Suggested Citation

  • Javed, Muhammad Shahzad & Ma, Tao & Jurasz, Jakub & Canales, Fausto A. & Lin, Shaoquan & Ahmed, Salman & Zhang, Yijie, 2021. "Economic analysis and optimization of a renewable energy based power supply system with different energy storages for a remote island," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1376-1394.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:164:y:2021:i:c:p:1376-1394
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.10.063
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    7. Donovin D. Lewis & Aron Patrick & Evan S. Jones & Rosemary E. Alden & Abdullah Al Hadi & Malcolm D. McCulloch & Dan M. Ionel, 2023. "Decarbonization Analysis for Thermal Generation and Regionally Integrated Large-Scale Renewables Based on Minutely Optimal Dispatch with a Kentucky Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-23, February.
    8. Ma, Tao & Zhang, Yijie & Gu, Wenbo & Xiao, Gang & Yang, Hongxing & Wang, Shuxiao, 2022. "Strategy comparison and techno-economic evaluation of a grid-connected photovoltaic-battery system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 1049-1060.
    9. Gronier, Timothé & Fitó, Jaume & Franquet, Erwin & Gibout, Stéphane & Ramousse, Julien, 2022. "Iterative sizing of solar-assisted mixed district heating network and local electrical grid integrating demand-side management," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    10. Ahmad Alzahrani, 2023. "Energy Management and Optimization of a Standalone Renewable Energy System in Rural Areas of the Najran Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-16, May.
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    12. Sarah Barrows & Kendall Mongird & Brian Naughton & Rachid Darbali-Zamora, 2021. "Valuation of Distributed Wind in an Isolated System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-20, October.
    13. Pinto, Edwin S. & Gronier, Timothé & Franquet, Erwin & Serra, Luis M., 2023. "Opportunities and economic assessment for a third-party delivering electricity, heat and cold to residential buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    14. Jann Michael Weinand & Maximilian Hoffmann & Jan Gopfert & Tom Terlouw & Julian Schonau & Patrick Kuckertz & Russell McKenna & Leander Kotzur & Jochen Lin{ss}en & Detlef Stolten, 2022. "Global LCOEs of decentralized off-grid renewable energy systems," Papers 2212.12742, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
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    17. Liu, Jia & Chen, Xi & Yang, Hongxing & Shan, Kui, 2021. "Hybrid renewable energy applications in zero-energy buildings and communities integrating battery and hydrogen vehicle storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    18. Das, Barun K. & Al-Abdeli, Yasir M. & Kothapalli, Ganesh, 2021. "Integrating renewables into stand-alone hybrid systems meeting electric, heating, and cooling loads: A case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 1222-1236.
    19. Mahfoud, Rabea Jamil & Alkayem, Nizar Faisal & Zhang, Yuquan & Zheng, Yuan & Sun, Yonghui & Alhelou, Hassan Haes, 2023. "Optimal operation of pumped hydro storage-based energy systems: A compendium of current challenges and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    20. He, YongXiu & Liu, Yang & Li, MoXing & Zhang, Yan, 2022. "Benefit evaluation and mechanism design of pumped storage plants under the background of power market reform - A case study of China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 796-806.
    21. Muhammed Y. Worku, 2022. "Recent Advances in Energy Storage Systems for Renewable Source Grid Integration: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.

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