IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v153y2020icp1406-1417.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Esterification of free fatty acids using ammonium ferric sulphate-calcium silicate as a heterogeneous catalyst

Author

Listed:
  • Ganesan, Shangeetha
  • Nadarajah, Sivajothi
  • Chee, Xin Yeng
  • Khairuddean, Melati
  • Teh, Geok Bee

Abstract

In view of the fast depletion of fossil fuels, biodiesel seems to be a possible new alternative to counter the fuel crisis. In order to avoid excessive exploitation of agricultural land for the production of food crop feedstock, the main focus has been on the usage of waste cooking oils meant for disposal to be used in biodiesel production. However, the high free fatty acid (FFA) content in waste oils has been an issue and it is envisaged that heterogeneous acid catalysts can be utilised as they would have a higher tolerance of FFAs and water. In this study, we report the synthesis and the utilisation of an inexpensive heterogeneous acid catalyst, namely ammonium ferric sulphate-calcium silicate (AFS-CS) synthesised via the impregnation method in 2:1 mass ratio in biodiesel production. The reaction conditions for esterification of lauric acid (LA) was optimised by using both standard and statistical analysis method which gave maximum methyl esters conversion of 100% within 2 h reaction time, 4 wt% of AFS-CS catalyst amount and 15:1 molar ratio of methanol to LA at 65 °C. Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) was esterified by using the same optimised conditions, which gave 72.6% of methyl esters conversion.

Suggested Citation

  • Ganesan, Shangeetha & Nadarajah, Sivajothi & Chee, Xin Yeng & Khairuddean, Melati & Teh, Geok Bee, 2020. "Esterification of free fatty acids using ammonium ferric sulphate-calcium silicate as a heterogeneous catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1406-1417.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:153:y:2020:i:c:p:1406-1417
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.02.094
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148120302895
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2020.02.094?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Baskar, G. & Soumiya, S., 2016. "Production of biodiesel from castor oil using iron (II) doped zinc oxide nanocatalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 101-107.
    2. Leung, Dennis Y.C. & Wu, Xuan & Leung, M.K.H., 2010. "A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1083-1095, April.
    3. Kaur, Mandeep & Ali, Amjad, 2011. "Lithium ion impregnated calcium oxide as nano catalyst for the biodiesel production from karanja and jatropha oils," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 2866-2871.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sudalai, S & Rupesh, K J & Devanesan, M.G & Arumugam, A, 2023. "A critical review of Madhuca indica as an efficient biodiesel producer: Towards sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    2. Das, Arpita & Li, Hui & Kataki, Rupam & Agrawal, Pratibha S. & Moyon, N.S. & Gurunathan, Baskar & Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala, 2023. "Terminalia arjuna bark – A highly efficient renewable heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 185-196.
    3. Ebadinezhad, Behzad & Haghighi, Mohammad & Zeinalzadeh, Hossein, 2021. "Influence of carbon casting loading and ultrasound irradiation on catalytic design of Al–Si–P zeotype nanostructure for biofuel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 290-307.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhang, X.L. & Yan, S. & Tyagi, R.D. & Surampalli, R.Y., 2013. "Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgae through transesterification and nanotechnology application in the production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 216-223.
    2. Banković-Ilić, Ivana B. & Stamenković, Olivera S. & Veljković, Vlada B., 2012. "Biodiesel production from non-edible plant oils," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 3621-3647.
    3. Mardhiah, H. Haziratul & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Masjuki, H.H. & Lim, Steven & Lee, H.V., 2017. "A review on latest developments and future prospects of heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from non-edible oils," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1225-1236.
    4. Shemelis N. Gebremariam & Trine Hvoslef-Eide & Meseret T. Terfa & Jorge M. Marchetti, 2019. "Techno-Economic Performance of Different Technological Based Bio-Refineries for Biofuel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-21, October.
    5. Jesús Andrés Tavizón-Pozos & Gerardo Chavez-Esquivel & Víctor Alejandro Suárez-Toriello & Carlos Eduardo Santolalla-Vargas & Oscar Abel Luévano-Rivas & Omar Uriel Valdés-Martínez & Alfonso Talavera-Ló, 2021. "State of Art of Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Oils for Biodiesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-24, February.
    6. Ashok, A. & Ratnaji, T. & John Kennedy, L. & Judith Vijaya, J. & Gnana Pragash, R., 2021. "Magnetically recoverable Mg substituted zinc ferrite nanocatalyst for biodiesel production: Process optimization, kinetic and thermodynamic analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 480-494.
    7. Vargas, Edgar M. & Neves, Márcia C. & Tarelho, Luís A.C. & Nunes, Maria I., 2019. "Solid catalysts obtained from wastes for FAME production using mixtures of refined palm oil and waste cooking oils," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 873-883.
    8. Bateni, Hamed & Karimi, Keikhosro & Zamani, Akram & Benakashani, Fatemeh, 2014. "Castor plant for biodiesel, biogas, and ethanol production with a biorefinery processing perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 14-22.
    9. Wu, Hong & Li, Yuanyuan & Chen, Lei & Zong, Minhua, 2011. "Production of microbial oil with high oleic acid content by Trichosporon capitatum," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(1), pages 138-142, January.
    10. Atadashi, I.M. & Aroua, M.K. & Abdul Aziz, A.R. & Sulaiman, N.M.N., 2011. "Membrane biodiesel production and refining technology: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 5051-5062.
    11. Sánchez-Arreola, Eugenio & Martin-Torres, Gerardo & Lozada-Ramírez, José D. & Hernández, Luis R. & Bandala-González, Erick R. & Bach, Horacio, 2015. "Biodiesel production and de-oiled seed cake nutritional values of a Mexican edible Jatropha curcas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 143-147.
    12. Shunli Feng & Yihan Guo & Yulu Ran & Qingzhuoma Yang & Xiyue Cao & Huahao Yang & Yu Cao & Qingrui Xu & Dairong Qiao & Hui Xu & Yi Cao, 2023. "Production of Microbial Lipids by Saitozyma podzolica Zwy2-3 Using Corn Straw Hydrolysate, the Analysis of Lipid Composition, and the Prediction of Biodiesel Properties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-22, September.
    13. Ambat, Indu & Srivastava, Varsha & Sillanpää, Mika, 2018. "Recent advancement in biodiesel production methodologies using various feedstock: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 356-369.
    14. Harsha Hebbar, H.R. & Math, M.C. & Yatish, K.V., 2018. "Optimization and kinetic study of CaO nano-particles catalyzed biodiesel production from Bombax ceiba oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 25-34.
    15. Ruxandra-Cristina Stanescu & Cristian-Ioan Leahu & Adrian Soica, 2023. "Aspects Regarding the Modelling and Optimization of the Transesterification Process through Temperature Control of the Chemical Reactor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-17, March.
    16. Babatunde Oladipo & Tunde V Ojumu & Lekan M Latinwo & Eriola Betiku, 2020. "Pawpaw ( Carica papaya ) Peel Waste as a Novel Green Heterogeneous Catalyst for Moringa Oil Methyl Esters Synthesis: Process Optimization and Kinetic Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-25, November.
    17. Talebian-Kiakalaieh, Amin & Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina & Mazaheri, Hossein, 2013. "A review on novel processes of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 683-710.
    18. Rawat, Devendra S. & Joshi, Girdhar & Lamba, Bhawna Y. & Tiwari, Avanish K. & Kumar, Pankaj, 2015. "The effect of binary antioxidant proportions on antioxidant synergy and oxidation stability of Jatropha and Karanja biodiesels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 643-655.
    19. Chattopadhyay, Soham & Karemore, Ankush & Das, Sancharini & Deysarkar, Asoke & Sen, Ramkrishna, 2011. "Biocatalytic production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil: Standardization of process parameters and comparison of fuel characteristics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(4), pages 1251-1256, April.
    20. Sojung Kim & Junyoung Seo & Sumin Kim, 2024. "Machine Learning Technologies in the Supply Chain Management Research of Biodiesel: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-15, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:153:y:2020:i:c:p:1406-1417. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.