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A review of the legal framework in shallow geothermal energy in selected European countries: Need for guidelines

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  • Tsagarakis, Konstantinos P.
  • Efthymiou, Loukia
  • Michopoulos, Apostolos
  • Mavragani, Amaryllis
  • Anđelković, Aleksandar S.
  • Antolini, Francesco
  • Bacic, Mario
  • Bajare, Diana
  • Baralis, Matteo
  • Bogusz, Witold
  • Burlon, Sébastien
  • Figueira, João
  • Genç, M. Serdar
  • Javed, Saqib
  • Jurelionis, Andrius
  • Koca, Kemal
  • Ryżyński, Grzegorz
  • Urchueguia, Javier F.
  • Žlender, Bojan

Abstract

Over the past years, the installations of Shallow Geothermal Energy (SGE) systems are increasing throughout Europe, and it is indicating that a specific and detailed legal framework is necessary. Towards this direction, this paper consists of an overview of legislation issues on SGE at European level, based on concise reviews from fourteen countries, i.e., Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey. Said reviews discuss key national legislation as well as experts’ experience in the procedure of SGE integration. Legal and technical issues are also critically discussed for all involved countries, both individually and collectively. Findings show that high diversity exists on legislation provisions as well as on regulations, standards, and institutional support amongst European countries. The latter acts as an effective barrier for the further development of the SGE market; therefore indicating the need for a common approach. Increase of awareness, need for standardization, improvement of legal framework, and administration procedures and permitting, are essential steps in moving forward and supporting the effectiveness of design, construction, maintenance, and operation of SGE systems.

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  • Tsagarakis, Konstantinos P. & Efthymiou, Loukia & Michopoulos, Apostolos & Mavragani, Amaryllis & Anđelković, Aleksandar S. & Antolini, Francesco & Bacic, Mario & Bajare, Diana & Baralis, Matteo & Bog, 2020. "A review of the legal framework in shallow geothermal energy in selected European countries: Need for guidelines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P2), pages 2556-2571.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:147:y:2020:i:p2:p:2556-2571
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.10.007
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    7. Manon Bulté & Thierry Duren & Olivier Bouhon & Estelle Petitclerc & Mathieu Agniel & Alain Dassargues, 2021. "Numerical Modeling of the Interference of Thermally Unbalanced Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Systems in Brussels (Belgium)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-17, September.
    8. Cunha, R.P. & Bourne-Webb, P.J., 2022. "A critical review on the current knowledge of geothermal energy piles to sustainably climatize buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    9. Hossein Javadi & Javier F. Urchueguia & Seyed Soheil Mousavi Ajarostaghi & Borja Badenes, 2021. "Impact of Employing Hybrid Nanofluids as Heat Carrier Fluid on the Thermal Performance of a Borehole Heat Exchanger," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-26, May.
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    11. Paris A. Fokaides & Rasa Apanaviciene & Jurgita Černeckiene & Andrius Jurelionis & Egle Klumbyte & Vilma Kriauciunaite-Neklejonoviene & Darius Pupeikis & Donatas Rekus & Jolanta Sadauskiene & Lina Sed, 2020. "Research Challenges and Advancements in the field of Sustainable Energy Technologies in the Built Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-20, October.
    12. Li, Zhao & Luo, Zujiang & Wang, Yan & Fan, Guanyu & Zhang, Jianmang, 2022. "Suitability evaluation system for the shallow geothermal energy implementation in region by Entropy Weight Method and TOPSIS method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 564-576.
    13. Majuri, Pirjo & Arola, Teppo & Kumpula, Anne & Vuorisalo, Timo, 2021. "Geoenergy permits in Finnish regional administration – Contradictory practices and inadequate judicial regulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 151-159.

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