IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/proeco/v204y2018icp204-213.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Dynamic selling strategy for a firm under asymmetric information: Direct selling vs. agent selling

Author

Listed:
  • Dong, Ciwei
  • Yang, Yunpeng
  • Zhao, Ming

Abstract

In this paper, we study the dynamic selling strategy for a firm under asymmetric market and product information over two periods. In each period, the firm can sell the product directly to customers, i.e., direct selling, or through an intermediary retailer such as Amazon and eBay, i.e., agent selling. Before the selling season, the firm is uncertain about the market size and the customers are unaware of whether the product matches their tastes. However, by directly interacting with the customers, the firm under direct selling or the retailer under agent selling will obtain additional market information at the end of the first period. Meanwhile, customers in the second period can resolve their product fit uncertainty by accessing the review comments posted by previous customers, if agent selling is adopted in the first period.

Suggested Citation

  • Dong, Ciwei & Yang, Yunpeng & Zhao, Ming, 2018. "Dynamic selling strategy for a firm under asymmetric information: Direct selling vs. agent selling," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 204-213.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:204:y:2018:i:c:p:204-213
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.07.034
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925527318303001
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.07.034?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. K. Sridhar Moorthy, 1988. "Strategic Decentralization in Channels," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 7(4), pages 335-355.
    2. Yunchuan Liu & Rajeev K. Tyagi, 2011. "The Benefits of Competitive Upward Channel Decentralization," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(4), pages 741-751, April.
    3. Dmitri Kuksov & Yuanfang Lin, 2010. "Information Provision in a Vertically Differentiated Competitive Marketplace," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 29(1), pages 122-138, 01-02.
    4. Young Kwark & Jianqing Chen & Srinivasan Raghunathan, 2014. "Online Product Reviews: Implications for Retailers and Competing Manufacturers," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 25(1), pages 93-110, March.
    5. Hau L. Lee & Kut C. So & Christopher S. Tang, 2000. "The Value of Information Sharing in a Two-Level Supply Chain," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 46(5), pages 626-643, May.
    6. Yubo Chen & Jinhong Xie, 2005. "Third-Party Product Review and Firm Marketing Strategy," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 24(2), pages 218-240, February.
    7. Preyas Desai & Oded Koenigsberg & Devavrat Purohit, 2004. "Strategic Decentralization and Channel Coordination," Quantitative Marketing and Economics (QME), Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 5-22, March.
    8. Grossman, Sanford J, 1981. "The Informational Role of Warranties and Private Disclosure about Product Quality," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 24(3), pages 461-483, December.
    9. Yili (Kevin) Hong & Paul A. Pavlou, 2014. "Product Fit Uncertainty in Online Markets: Nature, Effects, and Antecedents," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 25(2), pages 328-344, June.
    10. Timothy W. McGuire & Richard Staelin, 1983. "An Industry Equilibrium Analysis of Downstream Vertical Integration," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 2(2), pages 161-191.
    11. Zhao, Ming & Dong, Ciwei & Cheng, T.C.E., 2018. "Quality disclosure strategies for small business enterprises in a competitive marketplace," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 270(1), pages 218-229.
    12. Zelong Yi & Yulan Wang & Yun Liu & Ying†Ju Chen, 2018. "The Impact of Consumer Fairness Seeking on Distribution Channel Selection: Direct Selling vs. Agent Selling," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 27(6), pages 1148-1167, June.
    13. Bikram Ghosh & Michael R. Galbreth, 2013. "The Impact of Consumer Attentiveness and Search Costs on Firm Quality Disclosure: A Competitive Analysis," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(11), pages 2604-2621, November.
    14. Mark Bils, 1989. "Pricing in a Customer Market," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 104(4), pages 699-718.
    15. Song Huang & Xu Guan & Ying†Ju Chen, 2018. "Retailer Information Sharing with Supplier Encroachment," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 27(6), pages 1133-1147, June.
    16. Nelson, Phillip, 1970. "Information and Consumer Behavior," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 78(2), pages 311-329, March-Apr.
    17. Lode Li, 2002. "Information Sharing in a Supply Chain with Horizontal Competition," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(9), pages 1196-1212, September.
    18. Ming Zhao & Yulan Wang & Xianghua Gan, 2016. "Signalling effect of daily deal promotion for a start-up service provider," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 67(2), pages 280-293, February.
    19. Liang Guo & Ying Zhao, 2009. "Voluntary Quality Disclosure and Market Interaction," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 28(3), pages 488-501, 05-06.
    20. Huang, Yanting & Wang, Zongjun, 2017. "Information sharing in a closed-loop supply chain with technology licensing," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 113-127.
    21. Yao, Dong-Qing & Yue, Xiaohang & Wang, Xiaoyin & Liu, John J., 2005. "The impact of information sharing on a returns policy with the addition of a direct channel," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(2), pages 196-209, August.
    22. Dumrongsiri, Aussadavut & Fan, Ming & Jain, Apurva & Moinzadeh, Kamran, 2008. "A supply chain model with direct and retail channels," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 187(3), pages 691-718, June.
    23. Anil Arya & Brian Mittendorf, 2006. "Benefits of Channel Discord in the Sale of Durable Goods," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 25(1), pages 91-96, 01-02.
    24. Wang, Cuixia & Leng, Mingming & Liang, Liping, 2018. "Choosing an online retail channel for a manufacturer: Direct sales or consignment?," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 338-358.
    25. Gérard P. Cachon & Marshall Fisher, 2000. "Supply Chain Inventory Management and the Value of Shared Information," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 46(8), pages 1032-1048, August.
    26. Bian, Wenliang & Shang, Jennifer & Zhang, Juliang, 2016. "Two-way information sharing under supply chain competition," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 82-94.
    27. Khan, Mehmood & Hussain, Matloub & Saber, Hussein M., 2016. "Information sharing in a sustainable supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 181(PA), pages 208-214.
    28. Ciwei Dong & Bin Shen & Pui-Sze Chow & Liu Yang & Chi To Ng, 2016. "Sustainability investment under cap-and-trade regulation," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 240(2), pages 509-531, May.
    29. Srinagesh Gavirneni & Roman Kapuscinski & Sridhar Tayur, 1999. "Value of Information in Capacitated Supply Chains," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 45(1), pages 16-24, January.
    30. Christopher S. Tang & Yulan Wang & Ming Zhao, 2015. "The Implications of Utilizing Market Information and Adopting Agricultural Advice for Farmers in Developing Economies," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 24(8), pages 1197-1215, August.
    31. David Simchi‐Levi & Yao Zhao, 2003. "The value of information sharing in a two‐stage supply chain with production capacity constraints," Naval Research Logistics (NRL), John Wiley & Sons, vol. 50(8), pages 888-916, December.
    32. Xuanming Su & Fuqiang Zhang, 2008. "Strategic Customer Behavior, Commitment, and Supply Chain Performance," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 54(10), pages 1759-1773, October.
    33. Liang Guo, 2009. "Quality Disclosure Formats in a Distribution Channel," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(9), pages 1513-1526, September.
    34. Oliver Board, 2009. "Competition And Disclosure," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(1), pages 197-213, March.
    35. T C E Cheng & Y N Wu, 2005. "The impact of information sharing in a two-level supply chain with multiple retailers," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 56(10), pages 1159-1165, October.
    36. Albert Y. Ha & Shilu Tong, 2008. "Contracting and Information Sharing Under Supply Chain Competition," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 54(4), pages 701-715, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ciwei Dong & Liu Yang & Chi To Ng, 2020. "Quantity Leadership for a Dual-Channel Supply Chain with Retail Service," Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research (APJOR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 37(02), pages 1-32, March.
    2. Boyuan Zhong & Houcai Shen, 2022. "Manufacturer selling mode choice for new‐version product introduction," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(8), pages 3316-3330, December.
    3. Sun, Xiaojie & Tang, Wansheng & Chen, Jing & Li, Sa & Zhang, Jianxiong, 2019. "Manufacturer encroachment with production cost reduction under asymmetric information," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 191-211.
    4. Zhou, Yu & Gao, Xiang & Luo, Suyuan & Xiong, Yu & Ye, Niangyue, 2022. "Anti-Counterfeiting in a retail Platform: A Game-Theoretic approach," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    5. Shen, Bin & Xu, Xiaoyan & Guo, Shu, 2019. "The impacts of logistics services on short life cycle products in a global supply chain," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 153-167.
    6. Ciwei Dong & Qingying Li & Bin Shen & Xun Tong, 2019. "Sustainability in Supply Chains with Behavioral Concerns," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-7, July.
    7. Niu, Baozhuang & Yu, Xinhu & Li, Qiyang & Wang, Yulan, 2023. "Gains and Losses of Key Opinion Leaders’ Product Promotion in Livestream E-commerce," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    8. Dong, Ciwei & Chen, Chenyi & Shi, Xiutian & Ng, Chi To, 2021. "Operations strategy for supply chain finance with asset-backed securitization: Centralization and blockchain adoption," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    9. Lai, Xiaofan & Tao, Yi & Wang, Fan & Zou, Zongbao, 2019. "Sustainability investment in maritime supply chain with risk behavior and information sharing," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 16-29.
    10. Li, Qingying, 2018. "The optimal multi-period modular design with fairness concerns," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 233-249.
    11. Guo, Shu & Choi, Tsan-Ming & Chung, Sai-Ho, 2022. "Self-design fun: Should 3D printing be employed in mass customization operations?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 299(3), pages 883-897.
    12. Song Huang & Shuting Chen & Lei Xiao, 2020. "Manufacturer product quality information disclosure with channel encroachment in the E‐commerce age," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(5), pages 744-761, July.
    13. Wang, Tong-Yuan & Chen, Zhen-Song & He, Peng & Govindan, Kannan & Skibniewski, Miroslaw J., 2023. "Alliance strategy in an online retailing supply chain: Motivation, choice, and equilibrium," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    14. He, Peng & He, Yong & Zhou, Li, 2023. "Channel strategies for dual-channel firms to counter strategic consumers," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    15. He, Peng & He, Yong & Tang, Xiaoying & Ma, Shigui & Xu, Henry, 2022. "Channel encroachment and logistics integration strategies in an e-commerce platform service supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
    16. Alaei, Amir Mohammad & Taleizadeh, Ata Allah & Rabbani, Masoud, 2022. "Marketplace, reseller, or web-store channel: The impact of return policy and cross-channel spillover from marketplace to web-store," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhao, Ming & Dong, Ciwei & Cheng, T.C.E., 2018. "Quality disclosure strategies for small business enterprises in a competitive marketplace," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 270(1), pages 218-229.
    2. Hong, Xianpei & Zhou, Menghuan & Gong, Yeming, 2021. "Dilemma of quality information disclosure in technology licensing," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 294(2), pages 543-557.
    3. Wang, Fa & Chen, Jing & Yang, Hui & Yu, Bo, 2022. "Supplier selection with information disclosure in the presence of uninformed consumers," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    4. Song Huang & Shuting Chen & Lei Xiao, 2020. "Manufacturer product quality information disclosure with channel encroachment in the E‐commerce age," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(5), pages 744-761, July.
    5. Zhang, Guangxia & Gong, Yeming & Hong, Xianpei, 2022. "Free rider effect of quality information disclosure in remanufacturing," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    6. Monic Sun & Rajeev K. Tyagi, 2020. "Product Fit Uncertainty and Information Provision in a Distribution Channel," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 29(10), pages 2381-2402, October.
    7. Li, Xiaojing & Chen, Jing & Ai, Xingzheng, 2019. "Contract design in a cross-sales supply chain with demand information asymmetry," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 275(3), pages 939-956.
    8. Zhang, Jian & Nault, Barrie R., 2023. "Information sharing in an MTO supply chain with upstream adjustments," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 308(1), pages 97-112.
    9. Chen, Jing & Pun, Hubert & Zhang, Qiao, 2023. "Eliminate demand information disadvantage in a supplier encroachment supply chain with information acquisition," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 305(2), pages 659-673.
    10. Lu, Jizhou & Feng, Gengzhong & Shum, Stephen & Lai, Kin Keung, 2021. "On the value of information sharing in the presence of information errors," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 294(3), pages 1139-1152.
    11. Hong, Xianpei & Cao, Xinlu & Gong, Yeming & Chen, Wanying, 2021. "Quality information acquisition and disclosure with green manufacturing in a closed-loop supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    12. Zhao, Ju & Qiu, Ju & Zhou, Yong-Wu & Hu, Xiao-Jian & Yang, Ai-Feng, 2020. "Quality disclosure in the presence of strategic consumers," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    13. Liang Guo, 2020. "Upstream Exploitation and Strategic Disclosure," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 39(5), pages 923-938, September.
    14. Guo Li & Lin Tian & Hong Zheng, 2021. "Information Sharing in an Online Marketplace with Co‐opetitive Sellers," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(10), pages 3713-3734, October.
    15. Han Zhu & Yimin Yu & Saibal Ray, 2021. "Quality Disclosure Strategy under Customer Learning Opportunities," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(4), pages 1136-1153, April.
    16. Xianpei Hong & Xinlu Cao & Yeming Gong & Wanying (amanda) Chen, 2021. "Quality information acquisition and disclosure with green manufacturing in a closed-loop supply chain," Post-Print hal-03188234, HAL.
    17. Brian Mittendorf & Jiwoong Shin & Dae-Hee Yoon, 2013. "Manufacturer marketing initiatives and retailer information sharing," Quantitative Marketing and Economics (QME), Springer, vol. 11(2), pages 263-287, June.
    18. Yu, Yanan & He, Yong & Zhao, Xuan, 2021. "Impact of demand information sharing on organic farming adoption: An evolutionary game approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    19. Rakesh Niraj & Chakravarthi Narasimhan, 2017. "Examining Incentives to Share Demand Information with your Channel Partner," International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making (IJITDM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 16(04), pages 961-980, July.
    20. Yue, Xiaohang & Liu, John, 2006. "Demand forecast sharing in a dual-channel supply chain," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 174(1), pages 646-667, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:204:y:2018:i:c:p:204-213. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijpe .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.