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Effectiveness of vaccination recommendations versus mandates: Evidence from the hepatitis A vaccine

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  • Lawler, Emily C.

Abstract

I provide novel evidence on the effectiveness of two vaccination policies – simple non-binding recommendations to vaccinate versus mandates requiring vaccination prior to childcare or kindergarten attendance – in the context of the only disease whose institutional features permit a credible examination of both: hepatitis A. Using provider-verified immunization data I find that recommendations significantly increased hepatitis A vaccination rates among young children by at least 20 percentage points, while mandates increase rates by another 8 percentage points. These policies also significantly reduced population hepatitis A incidence. My results suggest a range of policy options for addressing suboptimally low population vaccination rates.

Suggested Citation

  • Lawler, Emily C., 2017. "Effectiveness of vaccination recommendations versus mandates: Evidence from the hepatitis A vaccine," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 45-62.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jhecon:v:52:y:2017:i:c:p:45-62
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.01.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Abrevaya, Jason & Mulligan, Karen, 2011. "Effectiveness of state-level vaccination mandates: Evidence from the varicella vaccine," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 966-976.
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    6. Lenisa V. Chang, 2016. "The Effect Of State Insurance Mandates On Infant Immunization Rates," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 25(3), pages 372-386, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Seth M. Freedman & Daniel W. Sacks & Kosali I. Simon & Coady Wing, 2022. "Direct and indirect effects of vaccines: Evidence from COVID-19," NBER Working Papers 30550, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Brilli, Ylenia & Lucifora, Claudio & Russo, Antonio & Tonello, Marco, 2020. "Vaccination take-up and health: Evidence from a flu vaccination program for the elderly," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 323-341.
    3. Manuel Hoffmann & Roberto Mosquera & Adrian Chadi, 2019. "Vaccines at Work," TWI Research Paper Series 116, Thurgauer Wirtschaftsinstitut, Universität Konstanz.
    4. Andreas Kucher, 2019. "Vaccination recommendations and timeliness - The German measles case," Discussion Paper Series 336, Universitaet Augsburg, Institute for Economics.
    5. Alexander Karaivanov & Dongwoo Kim & Shih En Lu & Hitoshi Shigeoka, 2022. "COVID-19 vaccination mandates and vaccine uptake," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 6(12), pages 1615-1624, December.
    6. Hair, Nicole L. & Gruber, Anja & Urban, Carly, 2021. "Personal belief exemptions for school-entry vaccinations, vaccination rates, and academic achievement," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    7. Corey White, 2021. "Measuring Social and Externality Benefits of Influenza Vaccination," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 56(3), pages 749-785.
    8. Humlum, Maria Knoth & Morthorst, Marius Opstrup & Thingholm, Peter Rønø, 2022. "Sibling Spillovers and the Choice to Get Vaccinated: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design," IZA Discussion Papers 15109, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Jelnov, Artyom & Jelnov, Pavel, 2022. "Vaccination policy and trust," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    10. Chelsea J. Richwine & Avi Dor & Ali Moghtaderi, 2019. "Do Stricter Immunization Laws Improve Coverage? Evidence from the Repeal of Non-medical Exemptions for School Mandated Vaccines," NBER Working Papers 25847, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Riley K. Acton & Wenjia Cao & Emily E. Cook & Scott A. Imberman & Michael F. Lovenheim, 2022. "The Effect of Vaccine Mandates on Disease Spread: Evidence from College COVID-19 Mandates," NBER Working Papers 30303, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Churchill, Brandyn F., 2021. "How important is the structure of school vaccine requirement opt-out provisions? Evidence from Washington, DC's HPV vaccine requirement," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    13. Matilde Giaccherini & Joanna Kopinska & Gabriele Rovigatti, 2022. "Vax Populi: The Social Costs of Online Vaccine Skepticism," CESifo Working Paper Series 10184, CESifo.
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    15. Neilson, William & Xiao, Yancheng, 2018. "Equilibrium vaccination patterns in incomplete and heterogeneous networks," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 174-192.
    16. Lawler, Emily C. & Skira, Meghan M., 2022. "Information shocks and pharmaceutical firms’ marketing efforts: Evidence from the Chantix black box warning removal," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    17. David Crainich & Louis Eeckhoudt & Mario Menegatti, 2019. "Vaccination as a trade-off between risks," Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti, Springer;Società Italiana degli Economisti (Italian Economic Association), vol. 5(3), pages 455-472, October.
    18. Barber, Andrew & West, Jeremy, 2022. "Conditional cash lotteries increase COVID-19 vaccination rates," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    19. Hair, Nicole L. & Gruber, Anja & Urban, Carly, 2020. "Personal Belief Exemptions for School-Entry Vaccinations, Vaccination Rates, and Academic Achievement," IZA Discussion Papers 12978, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    20. Talia Goren & Itai Beeri & Dana R. Vashdi, 2023. "Framing policies to mobilize citizens' behavior during a crisis: Examining the effects of positive and negative vaccination incentivizing policies," Regulation & Governance, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(2), pages 570-591, April.
    21. Wenyuan Hua & Zhihan Chen & Liangguo Luo, 2022. "The Effect of the Major-Grain-Producing-Areas Oriented Policy on Crop Production: Evidence from China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-28, August.
    22. Dhaval Dave & Drew McNichols & Joseph J. Sabia, 2021. "The contagion externality of a superspreading event: The Sturgis Motorcycle Rally and COVID‐19," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 87(3), pages 769-807, January.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    State mandates; Hepatitis A; Difference-in-differences; Vaccination;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H75 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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