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The economic value of NFT: Evidence from a portfolio analysis using mean–variance framework

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  • Ko, Hyungjin
  • Son, Bumho
  • Lee, Yunyoung
  • Jang, Huisu
  • Lee, Jaewook

Abstract

We investigate whether the inclusion of NFTs in portfolio investing in traditional assets provides a significant diversification benefit for constructing a well-diversified portfolio. We examine Pearson’s correlation, the Gerber Statistic for co-movement, and the spillover index for volatility transmission. Our findings suggest that NFTs are distinct from traditional assets, potentially resulting in portfolio diversification. Using the mean–variance approach, empirical results demonstrate there exist a statistically significant evidence that the inclusion of NFTs improves the performance of equally weighted and tangency portfolio strategies in terms of Sharpe ratio. It confirms that NFTs have a diversification effect on the traditional asset-based portfolios.

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  • Ko, Hyungjin & Son, Bumho & Lee, Yunyoung & Jang, Huisu & Lee, Jaewook, 2022. "The economic value of NFT: Evidence from a portfolio analysis using mean–variance framework," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:47:y:2022:i:pa:s1544612322000976
    DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2022.102784
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    Cited by:

    1. Elli Kraizberg, 2023. "Non-fungible tokens: a bubble or the end of an era of intellectual property rights," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-20, December.
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    3. Zhang, Zhiyuan & Sun, Qinglin & Ma, Yongfan, 2022. "The hedge and safe haven properties of non-fungible tokens (NFTs): Evidence from the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    4. Wang, Jying-Nan & Lee, Yen-Hsien & Liu, Hung-Chun & Hsu, Yuan-Teng, 2023. "Dissecting returns of non-fungible tokens (NFTs): Evidence from CryptoPunks," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    5. Chowdhury, Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous & Abdullah, Mohammad & Alam, Masud & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul & Shi, Baofeng, 2023. "NFTs, DeFi, and other assets efficiency and volatility dynamics: An asymmetric multifractality analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    6. Tian, Yingjie & Xie, Yuhao & Su, Duo & Zhao, Xiaoxi, 2023. "Picture For Proof(PFPs): Aesthetics, IP and post launch performance," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
    7. Menvouta, Emmanuel Jordy & Serneels, Sven & Verdonck, Tim, 2023. "Practicable optimization for portfolios that contain nonfungible tokens," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
    8. Ayesha Kalhoro & Asif Ali Wagan & Abdullah Ayub Khan & Jim-Min Lin & Chin Soon Ku & Lip Yee Por & Jing Yang, 2023. "Rewarding Developers by Storing Applications on Non-Fungible Tokens," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-12, May.
    9. Umar, Zaghum & Usman, Muhammad & Choi, Sun-Yong & Rice, John, 2023. "Diversification benefits of NFTs for conventional asset investors: Evidence from CoVaR with higher moments and optimal hedge ratios," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    10. Nakavachara, Voraprapa & Saengchote, Kanis, 2022. "Does unit of account affect willingness to pay? Evidence from metaverse LAND transactions✰," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    11. Simona Andreea Apostu & Mirela Panait & Làszló Vasa & Constanta Mihaescu & Zbyslaw Dobrowolski, 2022. "NFTs and Cryptocurrencies—The Metamorphosis of the Economy under the Sign of Blockchain: A Time Series Approach," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(17), pages 1-13, September.
    12. Ghosh, Indranil & Alfaro-Cortés, Esteban & Gámez, Matías & García-Rubio, Noelia, 2023. "Prediction and interpretation of daily NFT and DeFi prices dynamics: Inspection through ensemble machine learning & XAI," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    13. Yousaf, Imran & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2022. "The relationship between trading volume, volatility and returns of Non-Fungible Tokens: evidence from a quantile approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    14. Nobanee, Haitham & Ellili, Nejla Ould Daoud, 2023. "Non-fungible tokens (NFTs): A bibliometric and systematic review, current streams, developments, and directions for future research," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 460-473.
    15. Kumar, Anoop S & Padakandla, Steven Raj, 2023. "Do NFTs act as a good hedge and safe haven against Cryptocurrency fluctuations?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    16. Wang, Yizhi, 2022. "Volatility spillovers across NFTs news attention and financial markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    17. Zhang, Z. John, 2023. "Cryptopricing: Whence comes the value for cryptocurrencies and NFTs?," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 22-29.
    18. Liu, Jiatong, 2023. "Time-frequency correlations and extreme spillover effects between carbon markets and NFTs: The roles of EPU and COVID-19," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    19. Urom, C. & Ndubuisi, Gideon & Guesmi, K., 2022. "Quantile return and volatility connectedness among Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and (un)conventional asset," MERIT Working Papers 2022-017, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    20. Xia, Yufei & Li, Jinglong & Fu, Yating, 2022. "Are non-fungible tokens (NFTs) different asset classes? Evidence from quantile connectedness approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    21. Jan Schwiderowski & Asger Balle Pedersen & Jonas Kasper Jensen & Roman Beck, 2023. "Value creation and capture in decentralized finance markets: Non-fungible tokens as a class of digital assets," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 33(1), pages 1-16, December.
    22. Byun, Junyoung & Ko, Hyungjin & Lee, Jaewook, 2023. "A Privacy-preserving mean–variance optimal portfolio," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).

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