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Optimum design criteria for an Organic Rankine cycle using low-temperature geothermal heat sources

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  • Madhawa Hettiarachchi, H.D.
  • Golubovic, Mihajlo
  • Worek, William M.
  • Ikegami, Yasuyuki

Abstract

A cost-effective optimum design criterion for Organic Rankine power cycles utilizing low-temperature geothermal heat sources is presented. The ratio of the total heat exchanger area to net power output is used as the objective function and was optimized using the steepest descent method. Evaporation and condensation temperatures, geothermal and cooling water velocities are varied in the optimization method. The optimum cycle performance is evaluated and compared for working fluids that include ammonia, HCFC123, n-Pentane and PF5050. The optimization method converges to a unique solution for specific values of evaporation and condensation temperatures and geothermal and cooling water velocities. The choice of working fluid can be greatly affect the objective function which is a measure of power plant cost and in some instances the difference could be more than twice. Ammonia has minimum objective function and maximum geothermal water utilization, but not necessarily maximum cycle efficiency. Exergy analysis shows that efficiency of the ammonia cycle has been largely compromised in the optimization process than that of other working fluids. The fluids, HCFC 123 and n-Pentane, have better performance than PF 5050, although the latter has most preferable physical and chemical characteristics compared to other fluids considered.

Suggested Citation

  • Madhawa Hettiarachchi, H.D. & Golubovic, Mihajlo & Worek, William M. & Ikegami, Yasuyuki, 2007. "Optimum design criteria for an Organic Rankine cycle using low-temperature geothermal heat sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1698-1706.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:32:y:2007:i:9:p:1698-1706
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2007.01.005
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Barbier, Enrico, 1997. "Nature and technology of geothermal energy: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 1(1-2), pages 1-69, March.
    2. Yamamoto, Takahisa & Furuhata, Tomohiko & Arai, Norio & Mori, Koichi, 2001. "Design and testing of the Organic Rankine Cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 26(3), pages 239-251.
    3. Badr, O. & O'Callaghan, P. W. & Probert, S. D., 1990. "Rankine-cycle systems for harnessing power from low-grade energy sources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 263-292.
    4. Hung, T.C. & Shai, T.Y. & Wang, S.K., 1997. "A review of organic rankine cycles (ORCs) for the recovery of low-grade waste heat," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 22(7), pages 661-667.
    5. Barbier, Enrico, 2002. "Geothermal energy technology and current status: an overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 6(1-2), pages 3-65.
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