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Economic evaluation of the solar carbothermic reduction of ZnO by using a single sensitivity analysis and a Monte-Carlo risk analysis

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  • Kräupl, Stefan
  • Wieckert, Christian

Abstract

The technical feasibility of the solar carbothermal reduction of ZnO has been successfully demonstrated in a pilot plant. The economics of this process is addressed by means of a single sensitivity analysis and a Monte-Carlo risk analysis. A medium-term and a long-term scenario have been investigated, each for a 5 and a 30MWth plant. For a discount rate of 15% the zinc production costs vary between 482 and 245 $/t for the medium-term scenario and between 312 and 146 $/t for the long-term scenario, respectively. These costs do not account for the zinc oxide input material. In addition, a risk analysis was conducted for the 30MWth long-term scenario. For each input parameter, a probability distribution was estimated and the probability distribution of the zinc production cost was calculated by means of a Monte-Carlo method. The expected mean zinc production costs vary from 95 $/t for a discount rate of 0%–286 $/t for a discount rate of 40%.

Suggested Citation

  • Kräupl, Stefan & Wieckert, Christian, 2007. "Economic evaluation of the solar carbothermic reduction of ZnO by using a single sensitivity analysis and a Monte-Carlo risk analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1134-1147.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:32:y:2007:i:7:p:1134-1147
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2006.07.019
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Steinfeld, A. & Brack, M. & Meier, A. & Weidenkaff, A. & Wuillemin, D., 1998. "A solar chemical reactor for co-production of zinc and synthesis gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 23(10), pages 803-814.
    2. Adinberg, Roman & Epstein, Michael, 2004. "Experimental study of solar reactors for carboreduction of zinc oxide," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 757-769.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Jeon, Chanwoong & Shin, Juneseuk, 2014. "Long-term renewable energy technology valuation using system dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation: Photovoltaic technology case," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 447-457.
    3. Yadav, Deepak & Banerjee, Rangan, 2020. "Net energy and carbon footprint analysis of solar hydrogen production from the high-temperature electrolysis process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    4. Yadav, Deepak & Banerjee, Rangan, 2022. "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of the solar carbothermal and hydrometallurgy routes for zinc production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    5. Koepf, E. & Alxneit, I. & Wieckert, C. & Meier, A., 2017. "A review of high temperature solar driven reactor technology: 25years of experience in research and development at the Paul Scherrer Institute," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 620-651.
    6. Yadav, Deepak & Banerjee, Rangan, 2018. "A comparative life cycle energy and carbon emission analysis of the solar carbothermal and hydrometallurgy routes for zinc production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 577-602.
    7. Sheline, W. & Matthews, L. & Lindeke, N. & Duncan, S. & Palumbo, R., 2013. "An exploratory study of the solar thermal electrolytic production of Mg from MgO," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 163-170.
    8. Jeon, Chanwoong & Lee, Jeongjin & Shin, Juneseuk, 2015. "Optimal subsidy estimation method using system dynamics and the real option model: Photovoltaic technology case," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 33-43.
    9. Zangeneh, Ali & Jadid, Shahram & Rahimi-Kian, Ashkan, 2009. "Promotion strategy of clean technologies in distributed generation expansion planning," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(12), pages 2765-2773.

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