IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v239y2022ipas0360544221021812.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

PEM fuel cell as an auxiliary power unit for range extended hybrid electric vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Dimitrova, Zlatina
  • Nader, Wissam Bou

Abstract

Significant research efforts have been invested in the automotive industry on hybrid-electrified powertrains in order to reduce the passenger cars’ dependence on oil. Powertrains electrification resulted in a wide range of hybrid vehicle architectures. Fuel consumption of these powertrains strongly relies on the energy converters performance, as well as on the energy management strategy deployed on-board. This paper investigates the potential of energy consumption savings of a serial hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) using a hydrogen proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as energy converter operating as an auxiliary power unit (APU) instead of the conventional internal combustion engine (ICE). A PEMFC model is developed and the thermodynamic system efficiency is simulated. The PEMFC APU is integrated in the modelled SHEV powertrain. The hydrogen stored on board is gaseous and pressurized under 700 bars. Energy consumption simulations are performed on WLTP cycle with 4 different battery capacities using dynamic programing as global optimal energy management strategy. The results show improved efficiency with PEMFC as an auxiliary power unit (APU) compared to ICE. The auxiliary power unit consumes less than 1 kg/100 km of hydrogen on a normalized cycle. The integration of an additional power unit based on PEMFC is studied as a solution for the extension of the range of the electric vehicles.

Suggested Citation

  • Dimitrova, Zlatina & Nader, Wissam Bou, 2022. "PEM fuel cell as an auxiliary power unit for range extended hybrid electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:239:y:2022:i:pa:s0360544221021812
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121933
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544221021812
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121933?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Li, Tianyu & Liu, Huiying & Wang, Hui & Yao, Yongming, 2020. "Hierarchical predictive control-based economic energy management for fuel cell hybrid construction vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    2. İnci, Mustafa & Büyük, Mehmet & Demir, Mehmet Hakan & İlbey, Göktürk, 2021. "A review and research on fuel cell electric vehicles: Topologies, power electronic converters, energy management methods, technical challenges, marketing and future aspects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    3. Dimitrova, Zlatina & Maréchal, François, 2015. "Techno-economic design of hybrid electric vehicles using multi objective optimization techniques," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 630-644.
    4. Xu, Jiamin & Zhang, Caizhi & Fan, Ruijia & Bao, Huanhuan & Wang, Yi & Huang, Shulong & Chin, Cheng Siong & Li, Congxin, 2020. "Modelling and control of vehicle integrated thermal management system of PEM fuel cell vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    5. Dimitrova, Zlatina & Maréchal, François, 2014. "Environomic design of vehicle energy systems for optimal mobility service," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1019-1028.
    6. Dimitrova, Zlatina & Maréchal, François, 2017. "Environomic design for electric vehicles with an integrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) unit as a range extender," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 124-142.
    7. Saufi Sulaiman, M. & Singh, B. & Mohamed, W.A.N.W., 2019. "Experimental and theoretical study of thermoelectric generator waste heat recovery model for an ultra-low temperature PEM fuel cell powered vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 628-646.
    8. J.J. Baschuk & Xianguo Li, 2003. "Mathematical model of a PEM fuel cell incorporating CO poisoning and O 2 (air) bleeding," International Journal of Global Energy Issues, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 20(3), pages 245-276.
    9. Bou Nader, Wissam S. & Mansour, Charbel J. & Nemer, Maroun G., 2018. "Optimization of a Brayton external combustion gas-turbine system for extended range electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 745-758.
    10. van der Roest, Els & Snip, Laura & Fens, Theo & van Wijk, Ad, 2020. "Introducing Power-to-H3: Combining renewable electricity with heat, water and hydrogen production and storage in a neighbourhood," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Caulfield, Brian & Furszyfer, Dylan & Stefaniec, Agnieszka & Foley, Aoife, 2022. "Measuring the equity impacts of government subsidies for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    2. Chen, Xiaoyuan & Pang, Zhou & Jiang, Shan & Zhang, Mingshun & Feng, Juan & Fu, Lin & Shen, Boyang, 2023. "A novel LH2/GH2/battery multi-energy vehicle supply station using 100% local wind energy: Technical, economic and environmental perspectives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    3. Liao, Shuxin & Qiu, Diankai & Yi, Peiyun & Peng, Linfa & Lai, Xinmin, 2022. "Modeling of a novel cathode flow field design with optimized sub-channels to improve drainage for proton exchange membrane fuel cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    4. Li, Yanju & Li, Dongxu & Ma, Zheshu & Zheng, Meng & Lu, Zhanghao & Song, Hanlin & Guo, Xinjia & Shao, Wei, 2022. "Performance analysis and optimization of a novel vehicular power system based on HT-PEMFC integrated methanol steam reforming and ORC," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    5. Ćalasan, Martin & Abdel Aleem, Shady H.E. & Hasanien, Hany M. & Alaas, Zuhair M. & Ali, Ziad M., 2023. "An innovative approach for mathematical modeling and parameter estimation of PEM fuel cells based on iterative Lambert W function," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    6. Huang, Weifeng & Niu, Tong & Zhang, Caizhi & Fu, Zuhang & Zhang, Yuqi & Zhou, Weijiang & Pan, Zehua & Zhang, Kaiqing, 2023. "Experimental study of the performance degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on a multi-module stack under selected load profiles by clustering algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    7. Aihua Tang & Yuanhang Yang & Quanqing Yu & Zhigang Zhang & Lin Yang, 2022. "A Review of Life Prediction Methods for PEMFCs in Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    8. Atak, Nisa Nur & Dogan, Battal & Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir, 2023. "Investigation of the performance parameters for a PEMFC by thermodynamic analyses: Effects of operating temperature and pressure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    9. Santos, Diogo F.M. & Ferreira, Rui B. & Falcão, D.S. & Pinto, A.M.F.R., 2022. "Evaluation of a fuel cell system designed for unmanned aerial vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    10. Pourrahmani, Hossein & Van herle, Jan, 2022. "Water management of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Optimizing the effect of microstructural properties on the gas diffusion layer liquid removal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    11. Wilberforce, Tabbi & Anser, Afaaq & Swamy, Jangam Aishwarya & Opoku, Richard, 2023. "An investigation into hybrid energy storage system control and power distribution for hybrid electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    12. Guo, Xinru & Guo, Yumin & Wang, Jiangfeng & Meng, Xin & Deng, Bohao & Wu, Weifeng & Zhao, Pan, 2023. "Thermodynamic analysis of a novel combined heating and power system based on low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC) and high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    13. Mubashir Rasool & Muhammad Adil Khan & Runmin Zou, 2023. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Online and Offline Energy Management Approaches for Optimal Performance of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-33, April.
    14. Badji, Abderrezak & Abdeslam, Djaffar Ould & Chabane, Djafar & Benamrouche, Nacereddine, 2022. "Real-time implementation of improved power frequency approach based energy management of fuel cell electric vehicle considering storage limitations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    15. Hosseini Dehshiri, Seyyed Shahabaddin, 2022. "A new application of multi criteria decision making in energy technology in traditional buildings: A case study of Isfahan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    16. Mohamed Ahmed Ali & Mohey Eldin Mandour & Mohammed Elsayed Lotfy, 2023. "Adaptive Estimation of Quasi-Empirical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Models Based on Coot Bird Optimizer and Data Accumulation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-20, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. İnci, Mustafa & Büyük, Mehmet & Demir, Mehmet Hakan & İlbey, Göktürk, 2021. "A review and research on fuel cell electric vehicles: Topologies, power electronic converters, energy management methods, technical challenges, marketing and future aspects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    2. Ma, Yan & Hu, Fuyuan & Hu, Yunfeng, 2023. "Energy efficiency improvement of intelligent fuel cell/battery hybrid vehicles through an integrated management strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    3. Zhou, Hongxu & Yu, Zhongwei & Wu, Xiaohua & Fan, Zhanfeng & Yin, Xiaofeng & Zhou, Lingxue, 2023. "Dynamic programming improved online fuzzy power distribution in a demonstration fuel cell hybrid bus," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    4. Fiammetta Rita Bianchi & Barbara Bosio, 2021. "Operating Principles, Performance and Technology Readiness Level of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-23, April.
    5. Chehrmonavari, Hamed & Kakaee, Amirhasan & Hosseini, Seyed Ehsan & Desideri, Umberto & Tsatsaronis, George & Floerchinger, Gus & Braun, Robert & Paykani, Amin, 2023. "Hybridizing solid oxide fuel cells with internal combustion engines for power and propulsion systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    6. Singh, B. & Mohamed, W.A.N.W. & Hamani, M.N.F. & Sofiya, K.Z.N.A., 2021. "Enhancement of low grade waste heat recovery from a fuel cell using a thermoelectric generator module with swirl flows," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    7. Dimitrova, Zlatina & Maréchal, François, 2017. "Environomic design for electric vehicles with an integrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) unit as a range extender," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 124-142.
    8. Sofiane Bacha & Ramzi Saadi & Mohamed Yacine Ayad & Mohamed Sahraoui & Khaled Laadjal & Antonio J. Marques Cardoso, 2023. "Autonomous Electric-Vehicle Control Using Speed Planning Algorithm and Back-Stepping Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-26, March.
    9. Yuriy Zhukovskiy & Pavel Tsvetkov & Aleksandra Buldysko & Yana Malkova & Antonina Stoianova & Anastasia Koshenkova, 2021. "Scenario Modeling of Sustainable Development of Energy Supply in the Arctic," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-25, December.
    10. Zhang, Shaojun & Wu, Ye & Un, Puikei & Fu, Lixin & Hao, Jiming, 2016. "Modeling real-world fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions with high resolution for light-duty passenger vehicles in a traffic populated city," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 461-471.
    11. Zhu, Junpeng & Meng, Dexin & Dong, Xiaofeng & Fu, Zhixin & Yuan, Yue, 2023. "An integrated electricity - hydrogen market design for renewable-rich energy system considering mobile hydrogen storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 961-972.
    12. Youssef Amry & Elhoussin Elbouchikhi & Franck Le Gall & Mounir Ghogho & Soumia El Hani, 2022. "Electric Vehicle Traction Drives and Charging Station Power Electronics: Current Status and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-30, August.
    13. Wang, Chenfang & Li, Qingshan & Wang, Chunmei & Zhang, Yangjun & Zhuge, Weilin, 2021. "Thermodynamic analysis of a hydrogen fuel cell waste heat recovery system based on a zeotropic organic Rankine cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    14. Guo, Hongqiang & Sun, Qun & Wang, Chong & Wang, Qinpu & Lu, Silong, 2018. "A systematic design and optimization method of transmission system and power management for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 1006-1017.
    15. Sun, Li & Walker, Paul & Feng, Kaiwu & Zhang, Nong, 2018. "Multi-objective component sizing for a battery-supercapacitor power supply considering the use of a power converter," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 436-446.
    16. Ezzat, M.F. & Dincer, I., 2019. "Development and exergetic assessment of a new hybrid vehicle incorporating gas turbine as powering option," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 112-119.
    17. Yadav, Deepak & Banerjee, Rangan, 2020. "Net energy and carbon footprint analysis of solar hydrogen production from the high-temperature electrolysis process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    18. Els van der Roest & Stijn Beernink & Niels Hartog & Jan Peter van der Hoek & Martin Bloemendal, 2021. "Towards Sustainable Heat Supply with Decentralized Multi-Energy Systems by Integration of Subsurface Seasonal Heat Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-31, November.
    19. Guo, Xinru & Guo, Yumin & Wang, Jiangfeng & Meng, Xin & Deng, Bohao & Wu, Weifeng & Zhao, Pan, 2023. "Thermodynamic analysis of a novel combined heating and power system based on low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC) and high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    20. Zhang, Nan & Lu, Yiji & Kadam, Sambhaji & Yu, Zhibin, 2023. "A fuel cell range extender integrating with heat pump for cabin heat and power generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:239:y:2022:i:pa:s0360544221021812. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.